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Application of floating fly ash-bottom ash for acid mine drainage remediation

Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management · Vol. 12 No. 4 (2025) · pp. 8261–8271

DOI
10.15243/jdmlm.2025.124.8261
ISSN
2502-2458, 2339-076X
Published
2025-07-01
Publisher
Brawijaya University
Language
eng
License
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

Abstract

Acid mine drainage (AMD) is formed because rocks containing sulfide minerals, such as pyrite (FeS?), are exposed to oxygen and water. AMD treatment is generally carried out with lime, but this method is relatively expensive and unsustainable. Fly ash-bottom ash (FABA), a type of coal combustion waste can potentially replace lime in treating acid mine drainage (AMD). This study aimed to elucidate the potential use of FABA to neutralize pH of AMD. The method used was a floating FABA system using styrofoam with three treatments: floating FABA with dimensions (cm length x cm width x cm height) of 33x33x8 (F1 30), floating FABA of 28x28x8 (F2 25), and floating FABA of 23x23x8 (F3 20). The floating FABA consisted of 85% FABA and 15% cement, with a 120 L AMD. The results showed that the F1 30 treatment reached a pH of 6.06 from an initial pH of 4.2 within 3 days. The floating FABA application also reduced the concentration of heavy metals (Fe and Mn) and total suspended solids (TSS) in the F2 25 treatment. Micro XRF analysis indicated a high element distribution in the floating treatment zone, supporting the neutralization mechanism of precipitation and adsorption. The results of the statistical analysis showed no significant difference between treatments, indicating that all treatments were effective and could be considered based on cost efficiency and retention time. Overall, the floating FABA application increased pH and progressively reduced heavy metal content, supporting its use as an efficient and sustainable AMD neutralization solution.

Keywords

Collaboration network of the authors

40 authors · 114 co-authorship links · 26 across different organisations · showing the 40 most connected

Hover or tap a name to highlight its co-authors. Double-click to open the author's page.

  • IPB University
  • Lampung University
  • Universitas Halu Oleo
  • Ministry of Environment and Forestry, Republic of Indonesia
  • Sriwijaya University
  • National Research and Innovation Agency
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Different organisations
  • Same organisation
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Thicker line = more joint articles · bigger circle = more articles
Show as table
Co-authorOrganisationJoint articles
Nurul KhumaidaAffiliation unknown3
Faisal Danu TuheteruUniversitas Halu Oleo3
Fitri Arum SekarjannahAffiliation unknown3
Iskandar Zulkarnaen SiregarIPB University2
Marlin SefrilaSriwijaya University2
Maya MelatiIPB University2
Cecep KusmanaAffiliation unknown2
Dede J. SudrajatAffiliation unknown2
Iskandar Z. SiregarAffiliation unknown2
Ulfah J. SiregarAffiliation unknown2
Asrianti ArifUniversitas Halu Oleo2
Miranda Hadiyanti HadijahAffiliation unknown2
Ira PurnamasariAffiliation unknown2
Suhendra Agung WibowoAffiliation unknown2
Eka Z. SastianiLampung University1
Murhadi MurhadiLampung University1
Dewi SartikaLampung University1
Neti YulianaLampung University1
Dede Jajat SudrajatAffiliation unknown1
Ulfah Juniarti SiregarAffiliation unknown1
Munif GhulamahdiIPB University1
Melya RiniartiAffiliation unknown1
Arum Sekar WulandariAffiliation unknown1
Rhett D. HarissonAffiliation unknown1
Suryanto SuryantoIPB University1
Suria Darma TariganIPB University1
Dodik Ridho NurrochmatIPB University1
Ishak YassirMinistry of Environment and Forestry, Republic of Indonesia1
Mangarah SilalahiIPB University1
Agus WahyudiMinistry of Environment and Forestry, Republic of Indonesia1
Lutfy AbdulahNational Research and Innovation Agency1
Hamdan ArdiansyahAffiliation unknown1
Mohamad Sar'anAffiliation unknown1
Dwi NovitaAffiliation unknown1
Asep Ahmad RidwansahAffiliation unknown1
Y. WidiawatiAffiliation unknown1

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) http://jdmlm.ub.ac.id/index.php/jdmlm/oai, first harvested 9 Nov 2026, last seen 9 Nov 2026.
Original metadata (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en-US">Application of floating fly ash-bottom ash for acid mine drainage remediation</dc:title>
	<dc:creator>Husada, Muhamad Hadid</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Fauzi, Anas Miftah</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Mansur, Irdika</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Suharyono, Suharyono</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">AMD</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">FABA</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">floating treatment</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">heavy metal removal</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">pH neutralization </dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en-US">Acid mine drainage (AMD) is formed because rocks containing sulfide minerals, such as pyrite (FeS?), are exposed to oxygen and water. AMD treatment is generally carried out with lime, but this method is relatively expensive and unsustainable. Fly ash-bottom ash (FABA), a type of coal combustion waste can potentially replace lime in treating acid mine drainage (AMD). This study aimed to elucidate the potential use of FABA to neutralize pH of AMD. The method used was a floating FABA system using styrofoam with three treatments: floating FABA with dimensions (cm length x cm width x cm height) of 33x33x8 (F1 30), floating FABA of 28x28x8 (F2 25), and floating FABA of 23x23x8 (F3 20). The floating FABA consisted of 85% FABA and 15% cement, with a 120 L AMD. The results showed that the F1 30 treatment reached a pH of 6.06 from an initial pH of 4.2 within 3 days. The floating FABA application also reduced the concentration of heavy metals (Fe and Mn) and total suspended solids (TSS) in the F2 25 treatment. Micro XRF analysis indicated a high element distribution in the floating treatment zone, supporting the neutralization mechanism of precipitation and adsorption. The results of the statistical analysis showed no significant difference between treatments, indicating that all treatments were effective and could be considered based on cost efficiency and retention time. Overall, the floating FABA application increased pH and progressively reduced heavy metal content, supporting its use as an efficient and sustainable AMD neutralization solution.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en-US">Brawijaya University</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2025-07-01</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://jdmlm.ub.ac.id/index.php/jdmlm/article/view/17154</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.15243/jdmlm.2025.124.8261</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en-US">Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management; Vol. 12 No. 4 (2025); 8261-8271</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2502-2458</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2339-076X</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.15243/jdmlm.2025.124</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://jdmlm.ub.ac.id/index.php/jdmlm/article/view/17154/1590</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</dc:rights>
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