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Evaluation of soil compaction using the dynamic penetration index and the soil physical characteristics approach on agricultural land in the Ketonggo sub-watershed, Indonesia

Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management · Vol. 12 No. 5 (2025) · pp. 8769–8780

DOI
10.15243/jdmlm.2025.125.8769
ISSN
2502-2458, 2339-076X
Published
2025-10-01
Publisher
Brawijaya University
Language
eng
License
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

Abstract

Soil compaction is one of the problems faced due to land conversion in agriculture, directly impacting land productivity. This study aimed to identify the distribution of soil density with the Dynamic Penetration Index (DPI) method, the influence of land use, and the determinants of soil compaction, and provide recommendations to control soil density on agricultural land around the sub-watershed area. This research used an exploratory descriptive method, and sample points were determined by purposive sampling. There are 45 sample points determined based on the overlay map of soil type, land use, slope, and rainfall. The low DPI class has an area of 8,227 ha (34.34%), and the very low DPI class has an area of 15,729 ha (65.65%). The highest DPI value was in the plantation land use, and the lowest was in the rice field land use. Plantations experienced soil compaction due to intensive land use without soil quality restoration. The determining factors that affect soil compaction were porosity and bulk density. High porosity means low DPI values and, therefore, low compaction. High bulk density means high DPI value and therefore high compaction. Recommendations for land management include adding organic matter and tillage using a hoe or tractor to optimize soil compaction.

Keywords

Collaboration network of the authors

40 authors · 133 co-authorship links · 1 across different organisations · showing the 40 most connected

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  • Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang
  • Universitas Halu Oleo
  • Sebelas Maret University
  • Indonesian Institute of Sciences
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Different organisations
  • Same organisation
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Thicker line = more joint articles · bigger circle = more articles
Show as table
Co-authorOrganisationJoint articles
Jauhari SyamsiyahAffiliation unknown13
Dwi Priyo AriyantoAffiliation unknown11
Sumani SumaniAffiliation unknown10
Hery WidijantoAffiliation unknown8
Suntoro SuntoroAffiliation unknown6
Ganjar HerdiansyahAffiliation unknown6
Sri HartatiAffiliation unknown4
Widyatmani Sih DewiAffiliation unknown4
Bambang Hendro SunarmintoAffiliation unknown3
Nur Putri HidayahAffiliation unknown2
Arif AnshoriAffiliation unknown2
Muhamad Khoiru ZakiAffiliation unknown2
Keigo NodaAffiliation unknown2
RAHAYU RAHAYUUniversitas Halu Oleo2
Nur Putri HidayahUniversitas Muhammadiyah Malang1
Ahmad Dzaki AbidinUniversitas Muhammadiyah Malang1
Torri JustiansyahUniversitas Muhammadiyah Malang1
Aldi Malik FarhadUniversitas Muhammadiyah Malang1
Karina Ghea SilvanaUniversitas Muhammadiyah Malang1
Ordelia Julayta SyahidahUniversitas Muhammadiyah Malang1
Denu RahmadAffiliation unknown1
Ibrahim SyuaibAffiliation unknown1
Erlyna Wida RiptantiSebelas Maret University1
Heru IriantoAffiliation unknown1
Hardian NingsihAffiliation unknown1
Rade Rara Aulia QonitaAffiliation unknown1
Tinuk Dwi CahyaniAffiliation unknown1
Tinuk Dwi Cahyani CahyaniAffiliation unknown1
Sutarno SutarnoIndonesian Institute of Sciences1
Sari Mukti RohmawatiAffiliation unknown1
Taufiq Perak SanjayaAffiliation unknown1
Leviana Eka ViviaAffiliation unknown1

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) http://jdmlm.ub.ac.id/index.php/jdmlm/oai, first harvested 9 Nov 2026, last seen 9 Nov 2026.
Original metadata (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en-US">Evaluation of soil compaction using the dynamic penetration index and the soil physical characteristics approach on agricultural land in the Ketonggo sub-watershed, Indonesia</dc:title>
	<dc:creator>Mujiyo, Mujiyo</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Lestari, Audi Soekma</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Komariah, Komariah</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Herawati, Aktavia</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Irmawati, Viviana</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Romadhon, Muhammad Rizky</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Hardian, Tiara</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Istiqomah, Nanda Mei</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">dynamic penetration index</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Ketonggo Sub-Watershed</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">land conversion  </dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">soil compaction</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en-US">Soil compaction is one of the problems faced due to land conversion in agriculture, directly impacting land productivity. This study aimed to identify the distribution of soil density with the Dynamic Penetration Index (DPI) method, the influence of land use, and the determinants of soil compaction, and provide recommendations to control soil density on agricultural land around the sub-watershed area. This research used an exploratory descriptive method, and sample points were determined by purposive sampling. There are 45 sample points determined based on the overlay map of soil type, land use, slope, and rainfall. The low DPI class has an area of 8,227 ha (34.34%), and the very low DPI class has an area of 15,729 ha (65.65%). The highest DPI value was in the plantation land use, and the lowest was in the rice field land use. Plantations experienced soil compaction due to intensive land use without soil quality restoration. The determining factors that affect soil compaction were porosity and bulk density. High porosity means low DPI values and, therefore, low compaction. High bulk density means high DPI value and therefore high compaction. Recommendations for land management include adding organic matter and tillage using a hoe or tractor to optimize soil compaction.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en-US">Brawijaya University</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2025-10-01</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://jdmlm.ub.ac.id/index.php/jdmlm/article/view/17259</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.15243/jdmlm.2025.125.8769</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en-US">Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management; Vol. 12 No. 5 (2025); 8769-8780</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2502-2458</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2339-076X</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.15243/jdmlm.2025.125</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://jdmlm.ub.ac.id/index.php/jdmlm/article/view/17259/1745</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>