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Respiratory Symptom Composite, Individual Characteristics, and Area PM10 Measurements among Makassar Flour Mill Workers

Journal of Public Health and Pharmacy · Vol. 6 No. 3 (2026) · pp. 490–498

DOI
10.56338/jphp.v6i3.11536
ISSN
2775-4952
Published
2026-10-12
Publisher
Pusat Pengembangan Teknologi Informasi dan Jurnal Universitas Muhammadiyah Palu
Language
eng
License
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

Abstract

Introduction: This study described an unvalidated respiratory symptom composite, individual characteristics, and concurrent spirometric screening among flour mill workers in Makassar, with short-duration area PM10 measurements providing descriptive workplace context. Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted in December 2025. Archived aggregate tables included data for 87 workers; complete participation and source-data completeness could not be verified. The primary outcome was a study-specific, unvalidated 12-item composite using a ≥50% affirmative-response threshold. Crude prevalence ratios (PRs) and odds ratios (ORs) with nominal 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were reconstructed from categorical counts. Ten 10-minute area PM10 measurements were summarized separately. The unverifiable adjusted model was removed. Results: The composite threshold was met by 49/87 workers (56.3%). Crude PRs were 1.61 (95% CI 1.08–2.40) for the respiratory history composite, 2.44 (1.65–3.62) for service >5 years, and 2.62 (1.60–4.31) for former or current smoking versus never smoking. PPE use had a PR of 1.47 (0.996–2.180), and the exercise composite had a PR of 1.04 (0.72–1.52). Abnormal spirometric screening co-occurred with a higher composite-positive proportion (PR 2.56; 1.39–4.73), without implying a predictive relationship. PM10 ranged from 5 to 902 µg/m³. Estimates were unadjusted and CIs did not account for possible work-area clustering. Conclusion: Recorded individual characteristics differed in their crude association with the unvalidated symptom composite. These findings do not establish respiratory disease prevalence, independent determinants, or causation. Area measurements cannot establish individual PM10–symptom associations or regulatory compliance. The findings identify priorities for better-documented exposure assessment and respiratory surveillance.

Keywords

Collaboration network of the authors

40 authors · 110 co-authorship links · showing the 40 most connected

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  • Hasanuddin University
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Different organisations
  • Same organisation
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Thicker line = more joint articles · bigger circle = more articles
Show as table
Co-authorOrganisationJoint articles
Fikriyyah UtamiHasanuddin University2
Tiara Maharani Nur Hiliyatin Nisaa AbastianHasanuddin University2
Syamsiar S. RussengAffiliation unknown2
A. Arsunan ArsinAffiliation unknown2
Lestina NurjanahAffiliation unknown2
Furqaan NaiemAffiliation unknown1
Lalu M SalehAffiliation unknown1
Indra DwinataAffiliation unknown1
Fajaruddin NatsirAffiliation unknown1
Nurul MuflishaAffiliation unknown1
Awaluddin AwaluddinHasanuddin University1
Muhammad Rum RahimAffiliation unknown1
Nurul Mawaddah SyafitriAffiliation unknown1
Muhammad RachmatAffiliation unknown1
Jumriani AnsarAffiliation unknown1
Lalu MuhammadAffiliation unknown1
Dian Fitri Ayu RamadhaniAffiliation unknown1
Andi Rezki NadillahAffiliation unknown1
Indah Aqvirah Dewi Ramadhani EdiwanAffiliation unknown1
Syamsiar RussengAffiliation unknown1
Iin Karmila YusriAffiliation unknown1
Andi WahyuniHasanuddin University1
Masyitha MuisAffiliation unknown1
Ria Rezki SudarminAffiliation unknown1
Awaluddin AwaluddinHasanuddin University1
Wahyuni WahyuniHasanuddin University1
M Furqaan NaiemHasanuddin University1
Dian Saputra MarzukiHasanuddin University1
Adinda Ratu NursholehatyAffiliation unknown1
Fitrah Chairunnisa FirmanAffiliation unknown1
Nur Devi SyamsirAffiliation unknown1
Widia Meilia YusufAffiliation unknown1
Ummu KalsumAffiliation unknown1
Fridawaty RivaiHasanuddin University1
Alimin MaidinHasanuddin University1

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://jurnal.unismuhpalu.ac.id/index.php/jphp/oai, first harvested 9 Nov 2026, last seen 9 Nov 2026.
Original metadata (oai_dc) 
<oai_dc:dc xmlns="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/  http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
	<dc:title xml:lang="en-US">Respiratory Symptom Composite, Individual Characteristics, and Area PM10 Measurements among Makassar Flour Mill Workers</dc:title>
	<dc:creator>Rahmadhani, Tiara</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Wahyu, Atjo</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Thamrin, Yahya</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Muis, Masyita</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Arsunan, Andi</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Flour Mill Workers</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">PM10</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Respiratory Symptom Composite</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Cross-Sectional Study</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Spirometric Screening</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en-US">Introduction: This study described an unvalidated respiratory symptom composite, individual characteristics, and concurrent spirometric screening among flour mill workers in Makassar, with short-duration area PM10 measurements providing descriptive workplace context.
Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted in December 2025. Archived aggregate tables included data for 87 workers; complete participation and source-data completeness could not be verified. The primary outcome was a study-specific, unvalidated 12-item composite using a ≥50% affirmative-response threshold. Crude prevalence ratios (PRs) and odds ratios (ORs) with nominal 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were reconstructed from categorical counts. Ten 10-minute area PM10 measurements were summarized separately. The unverifiable adjusted model was removed.
Results: The composite threshold was met by 49/87 workers (56.3%). Crude PRs were 1.61 (95% CI 1.08–2.40) for the respiratory history composite, 2.44 (1.65–3.62) for service &amp;gt;5 years, and 2.62 (1.60–4.31) for former or current smoking versus never smoking. PPE use had a PR of 1.47 (0.996–2.180), and the exercise composite had a PR of 1.04 (0.72–1.52). Abnormal spirometric screening co-occurred with a higher composite-positive proportion (PR 2.56; 1.39–4.73), without implying a predictive relationship. PM10 ranged from 5 to 902 µg/m³. Estimates were unadjusted and CIs did not account for possible work-area clustering.
Conclusion: Recorded individual characteristics differed in their crude association with the unvalidated symptom composite. These findings do not establish respiratory disease prevalence, independent determinants, or causation. Area measurements cannot establish individual PM10–symptom associations or regulatory compliance. The findings identify priorities for better-documented exposure assessment and respiratory surveillance.
 </dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en-US">Pusat Pengembangan Teknologi Informasi dan Jurnal Universitas Muhammadiyah Palu</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2026-10-12</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://jurnal.unismuhpalu.ac.id/index.php/jphp/article/view/11536</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.56338/jphp.v6i3.11536</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en-US">Journal of Public Health and Pharmacy; Vol. 6 No. 3 (2026); 490-498</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2775-4952</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://jurnal.unismuhpalu.ac.id/index.php/jphp/article/view/11536/8096</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">Copyright (c) 2026 Journal of Public Health and Pharmacy</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>