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Physiological and Psychological Effects of Walking in Campus Landscape on Young Adults

Journal of Regional and City Planning · Vol. 33 No. 3 (2023) · pp. 367–385

DOI
10.5614/jpwk.2022.33.3.5
ISSN
2502-6429
Published
2023-01-16
Publisher
The Directorate for Research and Innovation, Institut Teknologi Bandung
Language
eng
License
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/

Abstract

Green space has a vital role in the community’s health and well-being. Forest bathing is an effective method of enjoying the forest atmosphere through physical activity or relaxing in a forest landscape. However, until now, no one has declared the benefits of forest therapy in Indonesia. This study clarifies the physiological and psychological effects of walking in a campus landscape. This research was conducted using experimental methods through physical activity survey, self-report questionnaires, Visitor Employed Photography (VEP), and automatic classification based on the image annotation API. The experiment was conducted in a park and an arboretum, and thirty-two young university subjects were tested. The participants walked for fifteen minutes on walking routes and district roads. Their blood pressure was measured before and after walking, and their heart rate was measured continuously. During the walk, the subjects took photographs of striking scenes using the Visitor Employed Photography method. Profile of Mood States (POMS) and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) were used to evaluate the psychological responses. Walking in the campus landscape resulted in a lower heart rate, less negative moods, and less anxiety than walking on the district road. Out of 837 photographs, 45% were taken from the Academic Event Plaza, 41.5% from the Arboretum, and the remaining 13.5% from district road, Jalan Raya Dramaga. Two main groups of campus green spaces included man-made landscape consisting of road surface, buildings, plant organs, stairs, and terrestrial plants; and natural landscape consisting of sky, trees, flowers, clouds, and plant community. This study found that walking in campus green space induced physiological and psychological health benefits and prominent landscape elements supported the green campus.

Keywords

Collaboration network of the authors

9 authors · 15 co-authorship links

Hover or tap a name to highlight its co-authors. Double-click to open the author's page.

  • IPB University
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Different organisations
  • Same organisation
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Co-authorOrganisationJoint articles
Andrea Emma PravitasariIPB University1
Satrio Adi WicaksonoIPB University1
Hefni EffendiIPB University1
Rizka NabilahIPB University1
Nyoto SantosoIPB University1

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) http://journals.itb.ac.id/index.php/jpwk/oai, first harvested 9 Nov 2026, last seen 9 Nov 2026.
Original metadata (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en-US">Physiological and Psychological Effects of Walking in Campus Landscape on Young Adults</dc:title>
	<dc:creator>Pratiwi, Prita Indah</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Sulistyantara, Bambang</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Sisriany, Saraswati</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Lazuardi, Samuel Nanda</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">blood pressure</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">blood pressure</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">heart rate</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">heart rate</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">biodiversity</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">biodiversity</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">forest</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">forest</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">green spaces</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">green spaces</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">human health</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">human health</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">parks</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">parks</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">sustainable</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">sustainable</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">university</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">university</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en-US">Green space has a vital role in the community’s health and well-being. Forest bathing is an effective method of enjoying the forest atmosphere through physical activity or relaxing in a forest landscape. However, until now, no one has declared the benefits of forest therapy in Indonesia. This study clarifies the physiological and psychological effects of walking in a campus landscape. This research was conducted using experimental methods through physical activity survey, self-report questionnaires, Visitor Employed Photography (VEP), and automatic classification based on the image annotation API. The experiment was conducted in a park and an arboretum, and thirty-two young university subjects were tested. The participants walked for fifteen minutes on walking routes and district roads. Their blood pressure was measured before and after walking, and their heart rate was measured continuously. During the walk, the subjects took photographs of striking scenes using the Visitor Employed Photography method. Profile of Mood States (POMS) and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) were used to evaluate the psychological responses. Walking in the campus landscape resulted in a lower heart rate, less negative moods, and less anxiety than walking on the district road. Out of 837 photographs, 45% were taken from the Academic Event Plaza, 41.5% from the Arboretum, and the remaining 13.5% from district road, Jalan Raya Dramaga. Two main groups of campus green spaces included man-made landscape consisting of road surface, buildings, plant organs, stairs, and terrestrial plants; and natural landscape consisting of sky, trees, flowers, clouds, and plant community. This study found that walking in campus green space induced physiological and psychological health benefits and prominent landscape elements supported the green campus.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en-US">The Directorate for Research and Innovation, Institut Teknologi Bandung</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2023-01-16</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:type xml:lang="en-US">Research Article</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journals.itb.ac.id/index.php/jpwk/article/view/18327</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.5614/jpwk.2022.33.3.5</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en-US">Journal of Regional and City Planning; Vol. 33 No. 3 (2022); 367-385</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2502-6429</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.5614/jpwk.2022.33.3</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journals.itb.ac.id/index.php/jpwk/article/view/18327/6092</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">Copyright (c) 2022 Journal of Regional and City Planning</dc:rights>
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