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Orang-utans’ (Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii) Activity Pattern in Camp Release and Feeding Site of Lamandau Wildlife Sanctuary, Central Borneo, Indonesia

Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology · Vol. 8 No. 1 (2023)

DOI
10.22146/jtbb.70001
ISSN
2540-9581, 2540-9573
Published
2023-02-17
Publisher
Universitas Gadjah Mada
Language
eng
License
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

Abstract

The Bornean orang-utan (Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii) release process at Lamandau Wildlife Reserve applies the soft-release method. In this method, there is still provisioning additional food on the feeding site by human. The existence of camp release and feeding sites in the vicinity of release forests is assumed to have an impact on orang-utans’ activity patterns. This assumption is related to the principle of releasing them into their natural forest habitat, namely by reducing direct interaction between humans and orang-utans. The aims of this research were: (i) to measure the intensities of orang-utan presence on camp and feeding site, (ii) to analyze the correlation between phenology and orang-utan’s presence on camp and feeding site, and (iii) to assess orang-utan’s activity budgets, diet composition, and vertical used on camp, feeding site, and forest. Activity budgets of five group orang-utans with different categories based on age and sex were compared using the focal animal sampling method and instantaneous records. The analysis showed no correlation between the intensities of orang-utan presence and phenology. However, there were significant differences in activity patterns between adult and adolescent orang-utans. The findings revealed that adult orang-utans activity pattern tended to be high in resting at all observation locations while adolescents spending more their activity for feeding. Orang-utans at 0-10 m of height classes tend to do more activity. Almost all orang-utans feed on a non-forest diet (45-67%) in the camp release, feeding site, and surrounding. We assumed that the existence of a camp release and feeding site near the release point are affecting factors in a successful reintroduction of ex-rehabilitate orang-utans.

Keywords

Collaboration network of the authors

40 authors · 121 co-authorship links · showing the 40 most connected

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  • IPB University
  • Universitas Mandala Waluya
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Different organisations
  • Same organisation
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Thicker line = more joint articles · bigger circle = more articles
Show as table
Co-authorOrganisationJoint articles
Achmad FarajallahAffiliation unknown4
Yeni Aryati MulyaniAffiliation unknown3
Entang IskandarAffiliation unknown3
Andre PasethaAffiliation unknown2
Puji RiantiAffiliation unknown2
Hana Intishar SawitriAffiliation unknown2
Tommy Langgeng AbimanyuAffiliation unknown2
Muladno MuladnoIPB University2
Dewi Apri AstutiIPB University1
Eka ArismayantiAffiliation unknown1
Indira Nurul QomariahAffiliation unknown1
James O. WatermanAffiliation unknown1
DONDIN SAJUTHIAffiliation unknown1
Joko PamungkasAffiliation unknown1
Alexander NaterAffiliation unknown1
Michael KrützenAffiliation unknown1
Chairunas Adha PutraAffiliation unknown1
Muhammad AgilAffiliation unknown1
Lisa Michelle DanishAffiliation unknown1
Antje EngelhardtAffiliation unknown1
Sodikin SodikinAffiliation unknown1
Riki HerliansyahAffiliation unknown1
Alexander Kurniawan Sariyanto PuteraAffiliation unknown1
Stanislav LhotaAffiliation unknown1
Indra PurnamaUniversitas Mandala Waluya1
Huda S. DarusmanAffiliation unknown1
Vallen Sakti MaulanaAffiliation unknown1
Annisa Devi RachmawatiAffiliation unknown1
Uus SaepulohAffiliation unknown1
Ruhama Maya SariAffiliation unknown1
RizaldiAffiliation unknown1
Maria UlfahAffiliation unknown1
Alfiyan AchmadAffiliation unknown1
Achmad AlfiyanAffiliation unknown1
Ulfah MariaAffiliation unknown1
Hanny RamadhantiAffiliation unknown1

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/jtbb/oai, first harvested 9 Nov 2026, last seen 9 Nov 2026.
Original metadata (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en-US">Orang-utans’ (Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii) Activity Pattern in Camp Release and Feeding Site of Lamandau Wildlife Sanctuary, Central Borneo, Indonesia</dc:title>
	<dc:creator>Amalia, Novita</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Perwitasari-Farajallah, Dyah</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Utami-Atmoko, Sri Suci</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Purbatrapsila, Azhari</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Biology; animal behaviour</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Lamandau WR, Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii, Reintroduction</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en-US">The Bornean orang-utan (Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii) release process at Lamandau Wildlife Reserve applies the soft-release method. In this method, there is still provisioning additional food on the feeding site by human. The existence of camp release and feeding sites in the vicinity of release forests is assumed to have an impact on orang-utans’ activity patterns. This assumption is related to the principle of releasing them into their natural forest habitat, namely by reducing direct interaction between humans and orang-utans. The aims of this research were: (i) to measure the intensities of orang-utan presence on camp and feeding site, (ii) to analyze the correlation between phenology and orang-utan’s presence on camp and feeding site, and (iii) to assess orang-utan’s activity budgets, diet composition, and vertical used on camp, feeding site, and forest. Activity budgets of five group orang-utans with different categories based on age and sex were compared using the focal animal sampling method and instantaneous records. The analysis showed no correlation between the intensities of orang-utan presence and phenology. However, there were significant differences in activity patterns between adult and adolescent orang-utans. The findings revealed that adult orang-utans activity pattern tended to be high in resting at all observation locations while adolescents spending more their activity for feeding. Orang-utans at 0-10 m of height classes tend to do more activity. Almost all orang-utans feed on a non-forest diet (45-67%) in the camp release, feeding site, and surrounding. We assumed that the existence of a camp release and feeding site near the release point are affecting factors in a successful reintroduction of ex-rehabilitate orang-utans.   </dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en-US">Universitas Gadjah Mada</dc:publisher>
	<dc:contributor xml:lang="en-US">Orang-utan Foundation UK</dc:contributor>
	<dc:contributor xml:lang="en-US">Nature Agency</dc:contributor>
	<dc:contributor xml:lang="en-US">Lamandau Wildlife Reserve</dc:contributor>
	<dc:date>2023-02-17</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
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	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.ugm.ac.id/jtbb/article/view/70001</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.22146/jtbb.70001</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en-US">Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology; Vol 8, No 1 (2023): April; jtbb70001</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2540-9581</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2540-9573</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.ugm.ac.id/jtbb/article/view/70001/35751</dc:relation>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.ugm.ac.id/jtbb/article/downloadSuppFile/70001/18858</dc:relation>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.ugm.ac.id/jtbb/article/downloadSuppFile/70001/18859</dc:relation>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.ugm.ac.id/jtbb/article/downloadSuppFile/70001/18860</dc:relation>
	<dc:coverage xml:lang="en-US">Indonesia</dc:coverage>
	<dc:coverage xml:lang="en-US"></dc:coverage>
	<dc:coverage xml:lang="en-US">Behaviour data</dc:coverage>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">Copyright (c) 2023 Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0</dc:rights>
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