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Legal and Constitutional Gaps in Strategic Environmental Assessment: Between Formality and Substantive Environmental Protection in Indonesia

Jurnal IUS (Kajian Hukum dan Keadilan) · Vol. 13 No. 2 (2025) · pp. 346–363

DOI
10.29303/ius.v13i2.1698
ISSN
2477-815X, 2303-3827
Published
2025-08-06
Publisher
Magister of Law, Faculty of Law, University of Mataram
Language
eng
License
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

Abstract

The Indonesian Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) is governed by Law No. 32 of 2009 on Protection and Management of the Environment. However, the implementation of Strategic Environmental Assessment still faces significant challenges, especially in fulfilling the constitutional rights of citizens to a healthy and sustainable environment. The misalignment between Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) practices and constitutional principles, particularly regarding transparency, public participation, and environmental justice, has contributed to violations of environmental rights and the perpetuation of social injustice in the development processes. This study aims to analyze the constitutionality of SEA’s application in the context of sustainable development in Indonesia. This study uses a normative legal method with legislative, conceptual, and comparative approaches. The research results indicate that the implementation of SEA is still inconsistent with the Constitution, particularly in protecting environmental rights. Weakness of oversight and the lack of sanctions for violations of the Environmental Impact Assessment are the main obstacles to its implementation. This study has implications for the need for reforms in law enforcement, strengthening of oversight, and increasing community participation in the SEA process to ensure environmental protection and citizens’ constitutional rights.

Keywords

Collaboration network of the authors

38 authors · 94 co-authorship links

Hover or tap a name to highlight its co-authors. Double-click to open the author's page.

  • State University of Semarang
  • Hasanuddin University
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Different organisations
  • Same organisation
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Thicker line = more joint articles · bigger circle = more articles
Show as table
Co-authorOrganisationJoint articles
Cece SuryanaAffiliation unknown11
Robi Assadul BahriAffiliation unknown7
Bunyamin BunyaminState University of Semarang5
Fikri Chandra PermanaAffiliation unknown3
Robi Asadul BahriAffiliation unknown3
Taty SugiartiAffiliation unknown3
Zico Junius FernandoAffiliation unknown2
Mohd Zakhiri Md NorAffiliation unknown2
Mukhlis MukhlisAffiliation unknown2
Mohammad Alvi PratamaAffiliation unknown2
Mohd Kamarulnizam AbdullahAffiliation unknown2
Finna Maessy PangestikaAffiliation unknown1
Ade AdhariAffiliation unknown1
Ricci RicciAffiliation unknown1
Iskandar ISKANDARAffiliation unknown1
Lestari SinagaAffiliation unknown1
Nurhayati MardinAffiliation unknown1
Amad SudiroAffiliation unknown1
Anthon Freddy SusantoAffiliation unknown1
Muhammad RustamajiAffiliation unknown1
I Gusti Ayu Ketut Rachmi HandayaniAffiliation unknown1
Erwan Adi PriyonoAffiliation unknown1
Syamsir SyamsirHasanuddin University1
Eko NuriyatmanAffiliation unknown1
Sitta SarayaAffiliation unknown1
Enas QutieshatAffiliation unknown1
Subelo WiyonoAffiliation unknown1
Rosa TedjabuwanaAffiliation unknown1
Mohd. Kamarulnizam Bin AbdullahAffiliation unknown1
Faris Fachrizal JodiAffiliation unknown1
Rd. Dewi Asri YustiaAffiliation unknown1
I Wayan Gde WiryawanAffiliation unknown1
I Wayan Wahyu Wira UdytamaAffiliation unknown1

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) http://jurnalius.ac.id/ojs/index.php/jurnalIUS/oai, first harvested 9 Nov 2026, last seen 9 Nov 2026.
Original metadata (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en-US">Legal and Constitutional Gaps in Strategic Environmental Assessment: Between Formality and Substantive Environmental Protection in Indonesia</dc:title>
	<dc:creator>Arifin, Firdaus</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Rahayu, Mella Ismelina Farma</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Maarif, Ihsanul</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Susanto, Anthon F</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Murbani, Anastasia Wahyu</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Strategic Environmental Assessment</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Precautionary Principle</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Right to a Healthy Environment</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Environmental Law Enforcement</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Sustainable Development</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en-US">The Indonesian Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) is governed by Law No. 32 of 2009 on Protection and Management of the Environment. However, the implementation of Strategic Environmental Assessment still faces significant challenges, especially in fulfilling the constitutional rights of citizens to a healthy and sustainable environment. The misalignment between Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) practices and constitutional principles, particularly regarding transparency, public participation, and environmental justice, has contributed to violations of environmental rights and the perpetuation of social injustice in the development processes. This study aims to analyze the constitutionality of SEA’s application in the context of sustainable development in Indonesia. This study uses a normative legal method with legislative, conceptual, and comparative approaches. The research results indicate that the implementation of SEA is still inconsistent with the Constitution, particularly in protecting environmental rights. Weakness of oversight and the lack of sanctions for violations of the Environmental Impact Assessment are the main obstacles to its implementation. This study has implications for the need for reforms in law enforcement, strengthening of oversight, and increasing community participation in the SEA process to ensure environmental protection and citizens’ constitutional rights.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en-US">Magister of Law, Faculty of Law, University of Mataram</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2025-08-06</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:type xml:lang="en-US">Peer-Reviewed Article</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://jurnalius.ac.id/ojs/index.php/jurnalIUS/article/view/1698</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.29303/ius.v13i2.1698</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en-US">Jurnal IUS Kajian Hukum dan Keadilan; Vol. 13 No. 2 (2025): Jurnal IUS Kajian Hukum dan Keadilan; 346-363</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2477-815X</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2303-3827</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.29303/ius.v13i2</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://jurnalius.ac.id/ojs/index.php/jurnalIUS/article/view/1698/676</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">Copyright (c) 2025 Firdaus Arifin, Mella Ismelina Farma Rahayu, Ihsanul Maarif, Anthon F Susanto, Anastasia Wahyu Murbani</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0</dc:rights>
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