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The Genetic Diversity of Bali Sardinella (Sardinella lemuru) Caught at Bali Strait and Its Possible Relation to The Ocean Circulation

Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan · Vol. 17 No. 2 (2025) · pp. 296–321

DOI
10.20473/jipk.v17i2.56670
ISSN
2528-0759, 2085-5842
Published
2025-01-09
Publisher
Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Universitas Airlangga
Language
eng
License
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

Abstract

Graphical Abstract Highlight Research A low sequence divergence of lemuru between Bali Strait and the northern latitude. S. lemuru migration route through ITF will maintain its nucleotide variation. The high haplotype diversity of lemuru is a testament to its adaptability. S. lemuru's high haplotype diversity supports their stock recovery in the Bali Strait. Two sardine species are morphologically and genetically highly distinct, even though they prefer overlapping water mass conditions from each other. Abstract Sardinella lemuru is known as the native pelagic fish of the Bali Strait. However, its presence has recently become challenging to find. This study aimed to validate S. lemuru using molecular taxonomy and link it to water circulations for sustainable management. It is the first study of relatively complete sequence data on S. lemuru in the Bali Strait. A total of 47 sequences were amplified using the control region gene of mitochondrial DNA. Other S. lemuru (n = 4) and Amblygaster sirm (n = 12) sequences were retrieved from GenBank. Low sequence divergence is observed in clade-1 of S. lemuru across the Bali Strait, Manado-Sulawesi, and Kudat-Malaysia. This is probably due to its migration using the main Indonesian ThroughFlow (ITF). There is an evolutionary divergence between two groups of S. lemurs, measuring 35.3%±4.1. The first signs of these cryptic groups were found at Canggu and Prigi, with 87 base-pair differences between the two groups. This study also presents strong evidence that A. sirm prefers overlapping water mass conditions with S. lemuru in the Bali Strait but is morphologically and genetically distinct. Notably, three samples of A. sirm in Kedonganan-Bali are clustered with other A. sirm locations passed by the primary and secondary South China Sea throughflow. The high genetic diversity of S. lemuru among Bali Strait sites demonstrates its adaptive ability, with scattered single-frequency haplotypes. The adaptive ability traits of S. lemuru support its stock recovery. The stock recovery recommendation is based on finding S. lemuru’s adaptive traits within their populations in suitable habitats and climatic conditions

Keywords

Collaboration network of the authors

40 authors · 152 co-authorship links · 16 across different organisations · showing the 40 most connected

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  • Politeknik Negeri Malang
  • Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi Angkatan Laut
  • National Research and Innovation Agency
  • Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember
  • Pusat Hidro-Oseanografi Angkatan Laut
  • Indonesia Defense University
  • Hasanuddin University
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Different organisations
  • Same organisation
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Thicker line = more joint articles · bigger circle = more articles
Show as table
Co-authorOrganisationJoint articles
Syarifah Hikmah Julinda SariAffiliation unknown14
Mochamad Arif Zainul FuadAffiliation unknown4
Rosa Andrie AsmaraPoliteknik Negeri Malang3
Indrazno SiradjuddinPoliteknik Negeri Malang3
Ferdian RonilayaPoliteknik Negeri Malang3
Awan SetiawanPoliteknik Negeri Malang3
Atsuhiko IsobeAffiliation unknown3
Nurin HidayatiAffiliation unknown3
Muhammad Arif RahmanAffiliation unknown3
Ekojono EkojonoPoliteknik Negeri Malang2
Happy NursyamAffiliation unknown2
Apri ArisandiAffiliation unknown2
Asro NurhabibAffiliation unknown2
Mimit PrimyastantoAffiliation unknown2
Ledhyane Ika HarlyanAffiliation unknown2
Maheno SriwidodoAffiliation unknown2
Raka Admiral AbdurrahmanPoliteknik Negeri Malang1
Dodik Widya AdhitamaPoliteknik Negeri Malang1
Rudy AriyantoPoliteknik Negeri Malang1
Arief PrasetyoInstitut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember1
Anastasia Merry ChristinePoliteknik Negeri Malang1
Agus TinusSekolah Tinggi Teknologi Angkatan Laut1
Purry Djati AnggaraPusat Hidro-Oseanografi Angkatan Laut1
Taufiq SupriyantIndonesia Defense University1
Awaluddin AwaluddinHasanuddin University1
Yoyok Nurkaya SantosaAffiliation unknown1
Muhammad BakriAffiliation unknown1
Hawati HawatiAffiliation unknown1
Kurnia MalikSekolah Tinggi Teknologi Angkatan Laut1

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/index.php/JIPK/oai, first harvested 9 Nov 2026, last seen 9 Nov 2026.
Original metadata (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en-US">The Genetic Diversity of Bali Sardinella (Sardinella lemuru) Caught at Bali Strait and Its Possible Relation to The Ocean Circulation </dc:title>
	<dc:creator>Sartimbul, Aida</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Hendiari, I Gusti Ayu Diah </dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Arthana,  I Wayan </dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Kartika, Gde Raka Angga </dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Winata, Victor Adi </dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Pranowo, Widodo Setiyo </dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Susanto, Raden Dwi </dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Rohadi, Erfan </dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Muslihah, Nurul </dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Yona, Defri </dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Iranawati, Feni </dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Genetic Distance</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Haplotype Connectivity</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Phylogenetics</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Sardine Fisheries</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Sequence Divergence</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Water Circulation</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en-US">Graphical Abstract

Highlight Research

A low sequence divergence of  lemuru between Bali Strait and the northern latitude.
S. lemuru migration route through ITF will maintain its nucleotide variation.
The high haplotype diversity of  lemuru is a testament to its adaptability.
S. lemuru's high haplotype diversity supports their stock recovery in the Bali Strait.
Two sardine species are morphologically and genetically highly distinct, even though they prefer overlapping water mass conditions from each other.

Abstract
Sardinella lemuru is known as the native pelagic fish of the Bali Strait. However, its presence has recently become challenging to find. This study aimed to validate S. lemuru using molecular taxonomy and link it to water circulations for sustainable management. It is the first study of relatively complete sequence data on S. lemuru in the Bali Strait. A total of 47 sequences were amplified using the control region gene of mitochondrial DNA. Other S. lemuru (n = 4) and Amblygaster sirm (n = 12) sequences were retrieved from GenBank. Low sequence divergence is observed in clade-1 of S. lemuru across the Bali Strait, Manado-Sulawesi, and Kudat-Malaysia. This is probably due to its migration using the main Indonesian ThroughFlow (ITF). There is an evolutionary divergence between two groups of S. lemurs, measuring 35.3%±4.1. The first signs of these cryptic groups were found at Canggu and Prigi, with 87 base-pair differences between the two groups. This study also presents strong evidence that A. sirm prefers overlapping water mass conditions with S. lemuru in the Bali Strait but is morphologically and genetically distinct. Notably, three samples of A. sirm in Kedonganan-Bali are clustered with other A. sirm locations passed by the primary and secondary South China Sea throughflow. The high genetic diversity of S. lemuru among Bali Strait sites demonstrates its adaptive ability, with scattered single-frequency haplotypes. The adaptive ability traits of S. lemuru support its stock recovery. The stock recovery recommendation is based on finding S. lemuru’s adaptive traits within their populations in suitable habitats and climatic conditions</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en-US">Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Universitas Airlangga</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2025-01-09</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:format>text/xml</dc:format>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/JIPK/article/view/56670</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.20473/jipk.v17i2.56670</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en-US">Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan; Vol. 17 No. 2 (2025): JURNAL ILMIAH PERIKANAN DAN KELAUTAN; 296-321</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2528-0759</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2085-5842</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/JIPK/article/view/56670/40667</dc:relation>
	<dc:relation>https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/JIPK/article/view/56670/32750</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">Copyright (c) 2025 Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>