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Exploring the Influencing Factors on Breast Self-Examination Among Myanmar Women: A Qualitative Study

Jurnal Ners · Vol. 15 No. 1 (2020) · pp. 85–90

DOI
10.20473/jn.v15i1.18863
ISSN
2502-5791, 1858-3598
Published
2020-04-01
Publisher
Universitas Airlangga
Language
eng

Abstract

Introduction: Breast self-examination (BSE) is the most sensitive and cost-effective method to diagnose breast cancer at an early stage in healthcare resources' limited setting. However, the practice of BSE is low in Myanmar. Although various international studies were conducted to clarify the influencing factors in irregular BSE practice, there is a range of different factors and the answer is not yet clear. Hence, this study is aimed to explore the influencing factors on the practice of breast self-examination among Myanmar women.Methods: A qualitative exploratory-descriptive study was conducted on eight women through in-depth semi-structured interviews between February 2020 and March 2020. The samples were women who lived in the rural area of Myanmar and purposive sampling technique was used. Data were analyzed using Colaizzi's method, which consisted of seven stages.Results: Four themes emerged as the results of the in-depth interview, namely knowledge of breast cancer, knowledge regarding breast self-examination, barriers to performing regular BSE and ways to improve BSE practice.Conclusion: This study showed that the women were inadequate in knowledge and practice regarding BSE and breast cancer. Some barriers of BSE practice are rooted in the inadequate skill of BSE and the women's attitude. Greater understanding about breast cancer and improving the confidence of women in BSE will lead to better prognosis. Hence, healthcare authorities and providers should encourage a formal health education program and the results from this study hope to be useful in future rural health education programs of BSE practice.

Keywords

Collaboration network of the authors

40 authors · 122 co-authorship links · 63 across different organisations · showing the 40 most connected

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  • Universitas Airlangga
  • Universitas Jambi
  • Universitas Karya Husada Semarang
  • Institut Teknologi, Sains, dan Kesehatan RS.DR. Soepraoen Kesdam V/BRW
  • Universitas Wiraraja
  • Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya
  • Sultan Agung Islamic University
  • Other organisations
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Different organisations
  • Same organisation
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Thicker line = more joint articles · bigger circle = more articles
Show as table
Co-authorOrganisationJoint articles
Diah PriyantiniUniversitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya6
Tintin SukartiniUniversitas Airlangga5
Ika Nur PratiwiUniversitas Airlangga2
Ika Yuni WidyawatiUniversitas Airlangga2
Erna MelastutiSultan Agung Islamic University2
Dwi Indah IswantiUniversitas Karya Husada Semarang2
Elsi Dwi HapsariUniversitas Gadjah Mada2
Dita Dwi OktavUniversitas Airlangga1
Erna Dwi WahyuniUniversitas Airlangga1
Nor Aziyan YahayaUniversity of Malaya1
Muthia MutmainnahUniversitas Jambi1
Lisa Anita SariSekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Harapan Ibu Jambi1
Putri Irwanti SariUniversitas Jambi1
Riska Amalya NasutionUniversitas Jambi1
Rts Netisa MartawinartiUniversitas Airlangga1
Rina OktariaUniversitas Jambi1
Umi HaniUniversitas Karya Husada Semarang1
Fery Agusman Motuho MendrofaUniversitas Karya Husada Semarang1
Rizki Fitryasari P.K.Universitas Airlangga1
Yuni Sufyanti AriefUniversitas Airlangga1
Apriyani Puji HastutiInstitut Teknologi, Sains, dan Kesehatan RS.DR. Soepraoen Kesdam V/BRW1
Ratna RoesardhyatiInstitut Teknologi, Sains, dan Kesehatan RS.DR. Soepraoen Kesdam V/BRW1
Elyk Dwi MumpuningtiasUniversitas Wiraraja1
Syaifurrahman HidayatUniversitas Wiraraja1
Ardhiles Wahyu KurniawanInstitut Teknologi, Sains, dan Kesehatan RS.DR. Soepraoen Kesdam V/BRW1
Nurul Hikmatul QowiUniversitas Muhammadiyah Lamongan1
Tri Johan Agus YuswantoPoltekkes Kemenkes Malang1
Ferry EfendiUniversitas Airlangga1
Retno IndarwatiUniversitas Airlangga1
Novianti LailiahUniversitas Airlangga1
Mahmudah MahmudahUniversitas Airlangga1
Erika Untari DewiAffiliation unknown1
Ni Putu WidariAffiliation unknown1
Esti Yunita SariUniversitas Airlangga1
Yohana Fransiska Ning SusianaAffiliation unknown1
Dwi RetnaningsihUniversitas Widya Husada Semarang1
Hanik Endang NihayatiUniversitas Airlangga1

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) http://e-journal.unair.ac.id/index.php/JNERS/oai, first harvested 9 Nov 2026, last seen 9 Nov 2026.
Original metadata (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en-US">Exploring the Influencing Factors on Breast Self-Examination Among Myanmar Women: A Qualitative Study</dc:title>
	<dc:creator>Myint, Nyein Moh Moh</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Nursalam, Nursalam</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Mar'ah Has, Eka Mishbahatul</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">breast self-examination</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Myanmar</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">rural women</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en-US">Introduction: Breast self-examination (BSE) is the most sensitive and cost-effective method to diagnose breast cancer at an early stage in healthcare resources' limited setting. However, the practice of BSE is low in Myanmar. Although various international studies were conducted to clarify the influencing factors in irregular BSE practice, there is a range of different factors and the answer is not yet clear. Hence, this study is aimed to explore the influencing factors on the practice of breast self-examination among Myanmar women.Methods: A qualitative exploratory-descriptive study was conducted on eight women through in-depth semi-structured interviews between February 2020 and March 2020. The samples were women who lived in the rural area of Myanmar and purposive sampling technique was used. Data were analyzed using Colaizzi's method, which consisted of seven stages.Results: Four themes emerged as the results of the in-depth interview, namely knowledge of breast cancer, knowledge regarding breast self-examination, barriers to performing regular BSE and ways to improve BSE practice.Conclusion: This study showed that the women were inadequate in knowledge and practice regarding BSE and breast cancer. Some barriers of BSE practice are rooted in the inadequate skill of BSE and the women's attitude.  Greater understanding about breast cancer and improving the confidence of women in BSE will lead to better prognosis. Hence, healthcare authorities and providers should encourage a formal health education program and the results from this study hope to be useful in future rural health education programs of BSE practice.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en-US">Universitas Airlangga</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2020-04-01</dc:date>
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	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/JNERS/article/view/18863</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.20473/jn.v15i1.18863</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en-US">Jurnal Ners; Vol. 15 No. 1 (2020): APRIL 2020; 85-90</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2502-5791</dc:source>
	<dc:source>1858-3598</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/JNERS/article/view/18863/pdf</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">Copyright (c) 2020 Jurnal Ners</dc:rights>
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