Formulasi dan karakterisasi paper soap antibakteri dengan penambahan nanokitosan dari cangkang kepiting bakau: Formulation and characterization of antibacterial paper soap with the addition of nanochitosan from mangrove crab shells

Abstract

Indonesian

Inovasi pembuatan produk sabun terus dikembangkan salah satunya berbentuk paper soap dengan penambahan nanokitosan yang memiliki manfaat sebagai antibakteri. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendapatkan kitosan berukuran nano dan menentukan formula terbaik paper soap antibakteri dengan penambahan nanokitosan cangkang kepiting bakau (Scylla sp.) melalui karakterisasi secara fisikokimia dan mikrobiologi. Pembuatan nanokitosan menggunakan cangkang kepiting bakau (Scylla sp.) menggunakan metode gelasi ionik. Formulasi paper soap dengan penambahan nanokitosan, yaitu 0; 0,25; 0,5; 0,75; dan 1%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nanokitosan cangkang Scylla sp. berukuran 67,07 nm. Paper soap dengan penambahan nanokitosan Scylla sp (0; 0,25; 0,5; 0,75; dan 1%) menghasilkan nilai ph 9,18-9,27, kadar air 18,25-32,00% dan alkali bebas 0,003-0,010%. Seluruh konsentrasi paper soap bertekstur halus, memiliki aroma jasmine dan menunjukkan warna beige. Aktivitas bakteri Gram positif Staphylococcus aureus pada paper soap menghasilkan zona bening 3,5-14 mm dan pada bakteri Gram negatif mampu menghambat Echerichia coli 4,50-11,50 mm. Paper soap antibakteri dengan konsentrasi nanokitosan 0,5% adalah formulasi terbaik dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Gram positif (S.aureus) dan bakteri Gram negatif (E.coli). Paper soap antibakteri dengan penambahan nanokitosan cangkang (Scylla sp.) pada penelitian ini memenuhi kriteria sabun sesuai standar SNI.

English

Innovations in the production of soap products continue to be developed, such as paper soap with the addition of nanochitosan, which has antibacterial benefits. This study aimed to obtain nanosized chitosan and determine the best formula for antibacterial paper soap with the addition of mangrove crab shell nanochitosan (Scylla sp.) through physicochemical and microbiological characterization. The manufacture of nanochitosan was using ionic gelation. The formulation of antibacterial paper soap with the addition of nanochitosan (0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1%). The results showed that Scylla sp. shell nanochitosan had a size of 67.07 nm. Paper soap with the addition of Scylla sp. nanochitosan (0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1%) produced pH value of 9.18-9.27, water content 18.25-32.00% and free alkali 18.25-32.00%. All paper soap concentrations had a fine texture, jasmine aroma, and beige color. The gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus in paper soap produces a clear zone (3.5-14 mm and gram-negative bacteria are able to inhibit Echerichia coli 4.50-11.50 mm. Antibacterial paper soap with a nanochitosan concentration of 0.5% was the best formulation for inhibiting the growth of gram-positive bacteria (S. aureus) and a concentration of 0.75% for gram-negative bacteria (E. coli). The antibacterial paper soap with the addition of shell nanochitosan (Scylla sp.) in this study met the soap criteria according to the SNI standards.

Keywords

• E. coli
• free alkali
• pH
• moisture content
• S. aureus
• alkali bebas
• kadar air