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Characteristics and utilization of black soils in Indonesia

SAINS TANAH - Journal of Soil Science and Agroclimatology · Vol. 20 No. 1 (2023) · pp. 114–123

DOI
10.20961/stjssa.v20i1.70343
ISSN
2356-1424, 1412-3606
Published
2023-06-30
Publisher
Universitas Sebelas Maret
Language
en

Abstract

Black soils store a high amount of soil organic carbon (SOC) and play a crucial role in climate change, food security, and land degradation neutrality. However, data and information regarding black soils in tropical regions, including Indonesia, are limited. This study aimed to characterize and identify the utilization of black soils in Indonesia based on legacy soil survey data. We collated 142 soil pedon samples of Mollisols from articles, technical reports, and existing datasets. The site information (site position, elevation, land use type, parent material) and selected physicochemical properties were stored in a spreadsheet, from which exploratory data analysis was conducted. The result showed that the median SOC content was 1.53%, ranging from 0.6 to 8.2 %; cation exchange capacity was 30 cmol kg-1, ranging from 9 to 95 cmol kg-1; base saturation was 87%, ranging from 11 to 100 %; and bulk density was 1.21 g cm-3, ranging from 1.13 to 1.36 g cm-3. Other soil characteristics (particle size distribution, exchangeable bases, pH, pore, and water retention) varied with horizon type and land use/land cover. The black soils have been used for paddy fields, dryland farming, and gardens with low management intensity. Main cultivated crops include rice (Oryza sativa), corn (Zea mays), cassava (Manihot esculenta), sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), and nutmeg (Myristica fragrans), clove (Syzygium aromaticum), coconut (Cocos nucifera), and cocoa (Theobroma cocoa). Threats to black soil functions include soil erosion, carbon loss, and nutrient imbalance. Soil and water conservation measures, integrated soil nutrient management, and agroforestry are among the best land management practices for black soils.

Keywords

Collaboration network of the authors

40 authors · 108 co-authorship links · 1 across different organisations · showing the 40 most connected

Hover or tap a name to highlight its co-authors. Double-click to open the author's page.

  • Hasanuddin University
  • Universitas Gorontalo
  • International Islamic University, Islamabad
  • Universitas Halu Oleo
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Different organisations
  • Same organisation
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Thicker line = more joint articles · bigger circle = more articles
Show as table
Co-authorOrganisationJoint articles
Khoirudin khoirudinAffiliation unknown5
Amri AbdulahAffiliation unknown4
Rachmat Abdul GaniAffiliation unknown4
Muh. JayadiAffiliation unknown3
Apang Djafar ShieddiequeAffiliation unknown3
Sumbangan BajaHasanuddin University3
Nazar FazrinAffiliation unknown3
Nana RahdianaAffiliation unknown3
Edi YatnoAffiliation unknown3
Sofyan AbdullahUniversitas Gorontalo2
Masganti MasgantiAffiliation unknown2
Choirul AnwarInternational Islamic University, Islamabad2
Dede Ardi RajabAffiliation unknown2
Yulfian AminandaAffiliation unknown2
Muhamad Taufik UlhakimAffiliation unknown2
Tomas IrfaniAffiliation unknown2
Afif HakimAffiliation unknown2
Mukhlis MukhlisAffiliation unknown2
Puspita Harum MaharaniAffiliation unknown2
Eni Maftu'ahAffiliation unknown2
Khairatun NapisahAffiliation unknown2
Amir AmirUniversitas Halu Oleo2
Renata Lintang AzizahAffiliation unknown2
Suwardi SuwardiAffiliation unknown2
Septa PrimanandaAffiliation unknown2
Herry WirianataAffiliation unknown2
Burhanuddin RasyidHasanuddin University1
Titah Kasih AngelitaHasanuddin University1
Yafet Hendri PasangHasanuddin University1
Syamsul Arifin LiasHasanuddin University1
Irfandi FelixHasanuddin University1
Iswan DunggioAffiliation unknown1
Mujahidah SafirHasanuddin University1
Christianto LopulisaHasanuddin University1
Hasri SulfaniAffiliation unknown1

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://jurnal.uns.ac.id/tanah/oai, first harvested 10 Nov 2026, last seen 10 Nov 2026.
Original metadata (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en">Characteristics and utilization of black soils in Indonesia</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Sulaeman, Yiyi</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Sukarman, Sukarman</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Neswati, Risma</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Nurdin, Nurdin</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Basuki, Tony</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Black soils</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Land use</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Mollisols</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Soil organic carbon</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Soil characteristics</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">Black soils store a high amount of soil organic carbon (SOC) and play a crucial role in climate change, food security, and land degradation neutrality. However, data and information regarding black soils in tropical regions, including Indonesia, are limited. This study aimed to characterize and identify the utilization of black soils in Indonesia based on legacy soil survey data.  We collated 142 soil pedon samples of Mollisols from articles, technical reports, and existing datasets. The site information (site position, elevation, land use type, parent material) and selected physicochemical properties were stored in a spreadsheet, from which exploratory data analysis was conducted.  The result showed that the median SOC content was 1.53%, ranging from 0.6 to 8.2 %; cation exchange capacity was 30 cmol kg-1, ranging from 9 to 95 cmol kg-1; base saturation was 87%, ranging from 11 to 100 %; and bulk density was 1.21 g cm-3, ranging from 1.13 to 1.36 g cm-3. Other soil characteristics (particle size distribution, exchangeable bases, pH, pore, and water retention) varied with horizon type and land use/land cover. The black soils have been used for paddy fields, dryland farming, and gardens with low management intensity. Main cultivated crops include rice (Oryza sativa), corn (Zea mays), cassava (Manihot esculenta), sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), and nutmeg (Myristica fragrans), clove (Syzygium aromaticum), coconut (Cocos nucifera), and cocoa (Theobroma cocoa).  Threats to black soil functions include soil erosion, carbon loss, and nutrient imbalance. Soil and water conservation measures, integrated soil nutrient management, and agroforestry are among the best land management practices for black soils.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Universitas Sebelas Maret</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2023-06-30</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://jurnal.uns.ac.id/tanah/article/view/70343</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.20961/stjssa.v20i1.70343</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">SAINS TANAH - Journal of Soil Science and Agroclimatology; Vol. 20 No. 1 (2023): June; 114-123</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2356-1424</dc:source>
	<dc:source>1412-3606</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.20961/stjssa.v20i1</dc:source>
	<dc:language>en</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://jurnal.uns.ac.id/tanah/article/view/70343/41158</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2023 Yiyi Sulaeman, Sukarman Sukarman, Risma Neswati, Nurdin Nurdin, Toni Basuki</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>