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Evaluation of the Exposure to Benzene and SpmA using the Urine of Workers in the Shoe Home Industry in Surabaya

The Indonesian Journal Of Occupational Safety and Health · Vol. 11 No. 3 (2022) · pp. 436–444

DOI
10.20473/ijosh.v11i3.2022.436-444
ISSN
2540-7872, 2301-8046
Published
2022-11-10
Publisher
Universitas Airlangga
Language
eng
License
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

Abstract

Introduction: Benzene is one of the pollutants in the shoe home industry that can cause cancer among the workers. The present research aimed to analyze the relationship between exposure to benzene and spmA (s-phenylmercapturic Acid) in the urine of shoe-making home industry workers in Surabaya. Methods: This was an observational study using an analytical research method where the total number of respondents in the sample was 10. The concentration of benzene was measured using Gas Chromatography-FID (Flame Ionization Detector). The data collection technique was descriptive analysis for each variable from among the worker's characteristics. The analysis of the relationship between the level of spmA in their urine and the worker's characteristics was performed using regression tests while the analysis of the relationship between the level of benzene in the air and the levels of workers' spmA was performed using the Spearman correlation test. Results: The benzene I levels in the work environment were found to be between 0.06 ppm - 53.8 ppm. The average spmA was 6.68 μg/g creatinine. The p value of the relationship between the variable levels of benzene and the levels of spmA was 0.879 with a Spearman correlation coefficient of 0.056. Conclusion: The mean concentration of benzene in the air at the 6 point uptake was over the threshold. Based on the results of the spmA examination, the mean value of spmA was below the threshold value. The test results on the level of benzene in the air and the spmA indicate a very weak relationship.

Keywords

Collaboration network of the authors

40 authors · 90 co-authorship links · 4 across different organisations · showing the 40 most connected

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  • Universitas Airlangga
  • Cenderawasih University
  • Universiti Putra Malaysia
  • Universitas Bhakti Kencana
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Different organisations
  • Same organisation
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Thicker line = more joint articles · bigger circle = more articles
Show as table
Co-authorOrganisationJoint articles
Mahmudah MahmudahCenderawasih University4
Soenarnatalina MelanianiUniversitas Airlangga4
Sri SumarmiAffiliation unknown3
Diah IndrianiUniversitas Airlangga3
Nourma Al ViandariAffiliation unknown3
Siti Rahayu NadhirohAffiliation unknown2
Emyr Reisha IsauraAffiliation unknown2
Qonita RachmahAffiliation unknown2
Luki MundiastutiAffiliation unknown2
Nadia RamadhaniAffiliation unknown2
Fransiska Sabatini SetiawatiAffiliation unknown2
Khairina Fadiah HidayatiAffiliation unknown2
Susi HidayahAffiliation unknown2
Stefania Widya SetyaningtyasAffiliation unknown2
Fatqiatul WulandariAffiliation unknown2
Basuki SumawinataAffiliation unknown2
Heru Bagus PulunggonoAffiliation unknown2
Anicetus WihardjakaAffiliation unknown2
Juliana JalaludinUniversiti Putra Malaysia2
Sukarman SukarmanAffiliation unknown2
Septa PrimanandaAffiliation unknown2
Herry WirianataAffiliation unknown2
Syamsiar S. RussengAffiliation unknown2
Suherdin SuherdinUniversitas Bhakti Kencana1
Angelina AudinaAffiliation unknown1
Anhar AnharAffiliation unknown1
Fakhruddin FakhruddinAffiliation unknown1
Muhammad Darwis DasopangAffiliation unknown1
Erawadi ErawadiAffiliation unknown1
Magdalena MagdalenaAffiliation unknown1
Zainal Efendi HasibuanAffiliation unknown1
Zeni FirginingtyasAffiliation unknown1
Zahidatul RizkahAffiliation unknown1
Imaniar Mahdiya IzatiAffiliation unknown1
Isma Nur AmaliaAffiliation unknown1

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/IJOSH/oai, first harvested 10 Nov 2026, last seen 10 Nov 2026.
Original metadata (oai_dc) 
<oai_dc:dc xmlns="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/  http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
	<dc:title xml:lang="en-US">Evaluation of the Exposure to Benzene and SpmA using the Urine of Workers in the Shoe Home Industry in Surabaya </dc:title>
	<dc:creator>Rachman, Rizaldy Fathur</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Tuasikal, Iin Zulaiha </dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Tualeka, Abdul Rohim</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Mahmudiono, Trias </dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Suwardi, Suwardi</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">benzene</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">spmA</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US"> shoe industry</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en-US">Introduction: Benzene is one of the pollutants in the shoe home industry that can cause cancer among the workers. The present research aimed to analyze the relationship between exposure to benzene and spmA (s-phenylmercapturic Acid) in the urine of shoe-making home industry workers in Surabaya. Methods: This was an observational study using an analytical research method where the total number of respondents in the sample was 10. The concentration of benzene was measured using Gas Chromatography-FID (Flame Ionization Detector). The data collection technique was descriptive analysis for each variable from among the worker's characteristics. The analysis of the relationship between the level of spmA in their urine and the worker's characteristics was performed using regression tests while the analysis of the relationship between the level of benzene in the air and the levels of workers' spmA was performed using the Spearman correlation test. Results: The benzene I levels in the work environment were found to be between 0.06 ppm - 53.8 ppm. The average spmA was 6.68 μg/g creatinine. The p value of the relationship between the variable levels of benzene and the levels of spmA was 0.879 with a Spearman correlation coefficient of 0.056. Conclusion: The mean concentration of benzene in the air at the 6 point uptake was over the threshold. Based on the results of the spmA examination, the mean value of spmA was below the threshold value. The test results on the level of benzene in the air and the spmA indicate a very weak relationship.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en-US">Universitas Airlangga</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2022-11-10</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:type xml:lang="en-US">Peer-reviewed Article</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/IJOSH/article/view/33029</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.20473/ijosh.v11i3.2022.436-444</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en-US">The Indonesian Journal of Occupational Safety and Health; Vol. 11 No. 3 (2022): The Indonesian Journal of Occupational Safety and Health; 436-444</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2540-7872</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2301-8046</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/IJOSH/article/view/33029/22908</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">Copyright (c) 2022 The Indonesian Journal Of Occupational Safety and Health</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>