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Psychological distress and dyslipidemia in adult women: A 6-years follow up study in Bogor City, Indonesia

Universa Medicina · Vol. 41 No. 3 (2022) · pp. 236–245

DOI
10.18051/UnivMed.2022.v41.236-245
ISSN
2407-2230, 1907-3062
Published
2022-10-28
Publisher
Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti
Language
eng
License
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

Abstract

BACKGROUNDDyslipidemia is of global occurrence, with a prevalence 30% or higher in several countries, including Indonesia. One risk factor of dyslipidemia is physical or mental stress, that is more frequent in women. This study aimed at investigating the association between psychological distress and dyslipidemia in adult women. METHODSThis observational longitudinal study involved 1850 women aged 25 years and older at baseline. Dyslipidemia was determined from the ratio of low- density lipoprotein to high-density lipoprotein. Psychological distress was determined using the 20-item self-reporting questionnaire. Data analysis was by Cox regression for calculating the hazard ratio of the incidence of dyslipidemia as predicted by the psychological distress. RESULTSAmong the 1474 participants without dyslipidemia at baseline, 545 (36.9%) developed dyslipidemia during 6 years of monitoring, while 93 (6.3%) had a history of psychological distress. There was a significant association between psychological distress and dyslipidemia (HR = 3.08; 95% CI: 2.33- 4.07). Cox regression revealed that the association was still found to be significant after a further adjustment for the variables of age, BMI, menopause, smoking status, physical activity, and carbohydrate and fat intakes (HR=2.8; 95% CI: 2.10 - 3.77). CONCLUSIONSDyslipidemia incidence was high among adult women in Bogor. Women with psychological distress had higher incidence rates of dyslipidemia than women without psychological distress. Psychological distress in women was statistically significantly associated with incidence rate of dyslipidemia. This finding highlights the importance of the need for a dyslipidemia- reduction program in women through prevention and control of psychological distress.

Keywords

Collaboration network of the authors

30 authors · 72 co-authorship links · 13 across different organisations

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  • University of Indonesia
  • Padjadjaran University
  • National Research and Innovation Agency
  • Hasanuddin University
  • Universitas Sumatera Utara
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Different organisations
  • Same organisation
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Thicker line = more joint articles · bigger circle = more articles
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Co-authorOrganisationJoint articles
Putri Bungsu MachmudAffiliation unknown2
Dwi GayatriAffiliation unknown2
Aprildah Nur SapardinAffiliation unknown2
Woro Riyadina DjoeworoAffiliation unknown2
Sudikno SudiknoAffiliation unknown2
Ika DharmayantiUniversity of Indonesia1
Rachmadhi PurwanaUniversity of Indonesia1
Tri Edhi Budhi SoesiloUniversity of Indonesia1
Jumriani AnsarHasanuddin University1
Asri Chasanah AdisasmitaUniversity of Indonesia1
Farid HusinPadjadjaran University1
Muliani RatnaningsihPadjadjaran University1
Ratna DjuwitaAffiliation unknown1
Nurul KhairaniAffiliation unknown1
Wahyu K.Y. PutraAffiliation unknown1
Evi MarthaAffiliation unknown1
Besral BesralAffiliation unknown1
Sri Novita LubisUniversitas Sumatera Utara1
Dian Perwitasari Tasono HadiAffiliation unknown1
Tri WahyuningsihAffiliation unknown1
Eva SulistiowatiAffiliation unknown1
Ekowati RahajengAffiliation unknown1
Nunik KusumawardaniAffiliation unknown1
Frans DanyAffiliation unknown1
Julianty PradonoAffiliation unknown1

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://univmed.org/ejurnal/index.php/medicina/oai, first harvested 10 Nov 2026, last seen 10 Nov 2026.
Original metadata (oai_dc) 
<oai_dc:dc xmlns="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/  http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
	<dc:title xml:lang="en">Psychological distress and dyslipidemia in adult women: A 6-years follow up study in Bogor City, Indonesia</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Darjoko, Sulistyowati Tuminah</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Ronoatmodjo, Sudarto</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Driyah, Srilaning </dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Kristanti, Dewi </dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Tjandrarini, Dwi Hapsari </dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">LDL/HDL ratio</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">dyslipidemia</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">longitudinal</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">psychological distress</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">BACKGROUNDDyslipidemia is of global occurrence, with a prevalence 30% or higher in several countries, including Indonesia. One risk factor of dyslipidemia is physical or mental stress, that is more frequent in women. This study aimed at investigating the association between psychological distress and dyslipidemia in adult women.
METHODSThis observational longitudinal study involved 1850 women aged 25 years and older at baseline. Dyslipidemia was determined from the ratio of low- density lipoprotein to high-density lipoprotein. Psychological distress was determined using the 20-item self-reporting questionnaire. Data analysis was by Cox regression for calculating the hazard ratio of the incidence of dyslipidemia as predicted by the psychological distress.
RESULTSAmong the 1474 participants without dyslipidemia at baseline, 545 (36.9%) developed dyslipidemia during 6 years of monitoring, while 93 (6.3%) had a history of psychological distress. There was a significant association between psychological distress and dyslipidemia (HR = 3.08; 95% CI: 2.33- 4.07). Cox regression revealed that the association was still found to be significant after a further adjustment for the variables of age, BMI, menopause, smoking status, physical activity, and carbohydrate and fat intakes (HR=2.8; 95% CI: 2.10 - 3.77).
CONCLUSIONSDyslipidemia incidence was high among adult women in Bogor. Women with psychological distress had higher incidence rates of dyslipidemia than women without psychological distress. Psychological distress in women was statistically significantly associated with incidence rate of dyslipidemia. This finding highlights the importance of the need for a dyslipidemia- reduction program in women through prevention and control of psychological distress.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2022-10-28</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://univmed.org/ejurnal/index.php/medicina/article/view/1348</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.18051/UnivMed.2022.v41.236-245</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Universa Medicina; Vol. 41 No. 3 (2022); 236-245</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2407-2230</dc:source>
	<dc:source>1907-3062</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://univmed.org/ejurnal/index.php/medicina/article/view/1348/718</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2022 Sulistyowati Tuminah Darjoko, Srilaning  Driyah, Dewi  Kristanti, Dwi Hapsari  Tjandrarini, Sudarto Ronoatmodjo</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>