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The Potential of a Low-Cost Thermal Camera for Early Detection of Temperature Changes in Virus-Infected Chili Plants

Journal of ICT Research and Applications (JICTRA) · Vol. 17 No. 1 (2023) · pp. 17–28

DOI
10.5614/itbj.ict.res.appl.2023.17.1.2
ISSN
2338-5499, 2337-5787
Published
2023-04-11
Publisher
DRI - ITB
Language
eng

Abstract

One effect of viral infection on plant physiology is increased stomata closure so that the transpiration rate is low, which in turn causes an increase in leaf temperature. Changes in plant leaf temperature can be measured by thermography using high-resolution thermal cameras. The results can be used as an indicator of virus infection, even before the appearance of visible symptoms. However, the higher the sensor resolution of the thermal camera, the more expensive it is, which is an obstacle in developing the method more widely. This article describes the potential of thermography in detecting Tobacco mosaic virus infection in chili-pepper plants using a low-cost camera. A FLIR C2 camera was used to record images of plants in two treatment groups, non-inoculated (V0) and virus-inoculated plants (V1). Significantly, V1 had a lower temperature at 8 and 12 days after inoculation (dai) than those of V0, but their temperature was higher than V0 before symptoms were visible, i.e., at 17 dai. Thermography using low-cost thermal cameras has potency to detect early viral infection at 8 dai with accuracy levels (AUC) of 80.0% and 86.5% based on k-Nearest Neighbors and Naïve Bayes classifiers, respectively.

Keywords

Collaboration network of the authors

40 authors · 173 co-authorship links · 12 across different organisations · showing the 40 most connected

Hover or tap a name to highlight its co-authors. Double-click to open the author's page.

  • Universitas Halu Oleo
  • IPB University
  • State University of Jakarta
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Different organisations
  • Same organisation
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Thicker line = more joint articles · bigger circle = more articles
Show as table
Co-authorOrganisationJoint articles
MUHAMMAD TAUFIKUniversitas Halu Oleo10
Andi KhaeruniUniversitas Halu Oleo9
La Ode Santiaji BandeUniversitas Halu Oleo5
Sari NurulitaAffiliation unknown5
Widodo WidodoState University of Jakarta5
Waode Siti Anima HiseinUniversitas Halu Oleo4
TERRY PAKKIUniversitas Halu Oleo4
Rahayu MallarangengUniversitas Halu Oleo4
SRIANI SUJIPRIHATIAffiliation unknown4
Muhammad BotekUniversitas Halu Oleo4
Tri Asmira DamayantiAffiliation unknown3
GUSNAWATY HSAffiliation unknown3
Gusnawaty HSUniversitas Halu Oleo3
AGUNG YUSWANAUniversitas Halu Oleo2
SYAIR SYAIRUniversitas Halu Oleo2
Vit Neru SatrahUniversitas Halu Oleo2
RUSMILAH SUSENOAffiliation unknown2
Endang NurhayatiAffiliation unknown2
NOOR AIDAWATIAffiliation unknown2
GiyantoAffiliation unknown2
Suryo WiyonoAffiliation unknown2
Viska Inda VarianiAffiliation unknown2
Muhammad Zamrun FirihuAffiliation unknown2
Muhamad SyukurAffiliation unknown2
Takdir SailiUniversitas Halu Oleo1
Syamsuddin SyamsuddinUniversitas Halu Oleo1
MIRZA ARSIATY ARSYADUniversitas Halu Oleo1
RAHAYU RAHAYUUniversitas Halu Oleo1
GUSTI MADE MURDIKAAffiliation unknown1
NURIADI NURIADIAffiliation unknown1
Agustono SlametUniversitas Halu Oleo1
MARIADI MARIADIUniversitas Halu Oleo1
LA ODE WALIUniversitas Halu Oleo1
NUR INDAH SARIUniversitas Halu Oleo1
Abdjad Asih NawangsihAffiliation unknown1

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journals.itb.ac.id/index.php/jictra/oai, first harvested 26 Oct 2026, last seen 8 Nov 2026.
Original metadata (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en-US">The Potential of a Low-Cost Thermal Camera for Early Detection of Temperature Changes in Virus-Infected Chili Plants</dc:title>
	<dc:creator>Hasan, Asmar</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Widodo, Widodo</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Mutaqin, Kikin Hamzah </dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Taufik, Muhammad </dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Hidayat, Sri Hendrastuti </dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">area under curve</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">k-nearest neighbors</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">mosaic virus detection</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">naïve bayes</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">thermography</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en-US">One effect of viral infection on plant physiology is increased stomata closure so that the transpiration rate is low, which in turn causes an increase in leaf temperature. Changes in plant leaf temperature can be measured by thermography using high-resolution thermal cameras. The results can be used as an indicator of virus infection, even before the appearance of visible symptoms. However, the higher the sensor resolution of the thermal camera, the more expensive it is, which is an obstacle in developing the method more widely. This article describes the potential of thermography in detecting Tobacco mosaic virus infection in chili-pepper plants using a low-cost camera. A FLIR C2 camera was used to record images of plants in two treatment groups, non-inoculated (V0) and virus-inoculated plants (V1). Significantly, V1 had a lower temperature at 8 and 12 days after inoculation (dai) than those of V0, but their temperature was higher than V0 before symptoms were visible, i.e., at 17 dai. Thermography using low-cost thermal cameras has potency to detect early viral infection at 8 dai with accuracy levels (AUC) of 80.0% and 86.5% based on k-Nearest Neighbors and Naïve Bayes classifiers, respectively.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en-US">DRI - ITB</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2023-04-11</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:type xml:lang="en-US">Peer-reviewed Article</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journals.itb.ac.id/index.php/jictra/article/view/17837</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.5614/itbj.ict.res.appl.2023.17.1.2</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en-US">Journal of ICT Research and Applications; Vol. 17 No. 1 (2023); 17-28</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2338-5499</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2337-5787</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.5614/itbj.ict.res.appl.2022.17.1</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journals.itb.ac.id/index.php/jictra/article/view/17837/6148</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">Copyright (c) 2023 Journal of ICT Research and Applications</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>