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Smart Campus Framework: Definition, Model, Measurement from Anthropocentric, Systemic and Technological Perspectives

Journal of ICT Research and Applications (JICTRA) · Vol. 18 No. 3 (2025) · pp. 258–269

DOI
10.5614/itbj.ict.res.appl.2025.18.3.5
ISSN
2338-5499, 2337-5787
Published
2025-07-31
Publisher
DRI - ITB
Language
eng

Abstract

This study developed a smart campus framework to help higher education institutions (HEIs) define and assess their smartness level. As HEIs faces growing demands for efficiency and competitiveness, implementing smart systems has become increasingly essential. A comprehensive framework is needed to support and improve the chances of successful adoption. This research addressed the question: how can a framework be created to measure campus smartness? The proposed framework encompasses a smart campus definition, an ideal model of smart system-based services, and a model for measuring smartness. The Design Science Research Methodology (DSRM) guided the development of the framework. Its evaluation was conducted in Indonesian HEIs to assess current smartness levels. The measurement model was validated through reliability testing (Cronbach’s Alpha = 0.883) and validity testing (Pearson Product Moment), both of which yielded strong results. Expert judgment from 10 specialists provided qualitative validation. The framework was applied across 10 campuses, involving 9,961 respondents. The results indicated that anthropocentric smartness (human-focused) was at levels 3 and 4 across all campuses, while systemic and technological smartness were mainly at level 2. Ten university leaders confirmed that the model effectively reflects actual campus conditions. The framework is built upon three perspectives of smartness: anthropocentric, systemic, and technological.

Keywords

Collaboration network of the authors

40 authors · 91 co-authorship links · 9 across different organisations · showing the 40 most connected

Hover or tap a name to highlight its co-authors. Double-click to open the author's page.

  • Bandung Institute of Technology
  • Maranatha Christian University
  • Institut Teknologi Nasional Bandung
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Different organisations
  • Same organisation
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Thicker line = more joint articles · bigger circle = more articles
Show as table
Co-authorOrganisationJoint articles
Carmadi MachbubBandung Institute of Technology4
Yoanes BandungBandung Institute of Technology3
Nur AhmadiBandung Institute of Technology2
Amy Hamidah SalmanBandung Institute of Technology2
Richard MengkoAffiliation unknown2
Tati L. R. MengkoBandung Institute of Technology2
Jaka Persada SembiringBandung Institute of Technology2
Herry Imanta SitepuBandung Institute of Technology2
Eko MarpanajiBandung Institute of Technology1
Adit KurniawanBandung Institute of Technology1
Bamba Riyanto TrilaksonoAffiliation unknown1
Andri MahendraBandung Institute of Technology1
Thay LiungBandung Institute of Technology1
Benhard SitohangBandung Institute of Technology1
Ahmad DahlanBandung Institute of Technology1
Dwi Hendratmo WidyantoroBandung Institute of Technology1
Tjong Wan SenBandung Institute of Technology1
Bambang Riyanto TrilaksonoBandung Institute of Technology1
Rila MandalaBandung Institute of Technology1
Hendrawan HendrawanBandung Institute of Technology1
Basuki Y. IskandarAffiliation unknown1
Ismail IsmailBandung Institute of Technology1
Sinung SuakantoBandung Institute of Technology1
Suhardi SuhardiBandung Institute of Technology1
Roberd SaragihBandung Institute of Technology1
Gina PurnamaBandung Institute of Technology1
Irma Amelia DewiInstitut Teknologi Nasional Bandung1
Saiful AkbarBandung Institute of Technology1
Susetyo Bagas BhaskoroBandung Institute of Technology1
Fetty Fitriyanti LubisBandung Institute of Technology1
Yusep RosmansyahBandung Institute of Technology1
Nur IksanBandung Institute of Technology1
Nanang HariyantoBandung Institute of Technology1
I Made Ariya SanjayaBandung Institute of Technology1
Widya Liana AjiAffiliation unknown1

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journals.itb.ac.id/index.php/jictra/oai, first harvested 26 Oct 2026, last seen 8 Nov 2026.
Original metadata (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en-US">Smart Campus Framework: Definition, Model, Measurement from Anthropocentric, Systemic and Technological Perspectives</dc:title>
	<dc:creator>Imbar, Radiant</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Supangkat, Suhono H.</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Langi, Armein Z.R.</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Arman, Arry A.</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Johan, Meliana Christianti </dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">design science research methodology</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">higher education institution</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">smart campus framework</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">smart campus measurement model</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">smart system</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en-US">This study developed a smart campus framework to help higher education institutions (HEIs) define and assess their smartness level. As HEIs faces growing demands for efficiency and competitiveness, implementing smart systems has become increasingly essential. A comprehensive framework is needed to support and improve the chances of successful adoption. This research addressed the question: how can a framework be created to measure campus smartness? The proposed framework encompasses a smart campus definition, an ideal model of smart system-based services, and a model for measuring smartness. The Design Science Research Methodology (DSRM) guided the development of the framework. Its evaluation was conducted in Indonesian HEIs to assess current smartness levels. The measurement model was validated through reliability testing (Cronbach’s Alpha = 0.883) and validity testing (Pearson Product Moment), both of which yielded strong results. Expert judgment from 10 specialists provided qualitative validation. The framework was applied across 10 campuses, involving 9,961 respondents. The results indicated that anthropocentric smartness (human-focused) was at levels 3 and 4 across all campuses, while systemic and technological smartness were mainly at level 2. Ten university leaders confirmed that the model effectively reflects actual campus conditions. The framework is built upon three perspectives of smartness: anthropocentric, systemic, and technological.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en-US">DRI - ITB</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2025-07-31</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:type xml:lang="en-US">Peer-reviewed Article</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journals.itb.ac.id/index.php/jictra/article/view/25157</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.5614/itbj.ict.res.appl.2025.18.3.5</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en-US">Journal of ICT Research and Applications; Vol. 18 No. 3 (2025); 258-269</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2338-5499</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2337-5787</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.5614/itbj.ict.res.appl.2025.18.3</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journals.itb.ac.id/index.php/jictra/article/view/25157/7092</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of ICT Research and Applications</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>