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How Climate Change Disrupts Mango Phenology and Affects Fruit Production

Jurnal Penelitian Kehutanan Wallacea · Vol. 14 No. 2 (2025) · pp. 83–96

DOI
10.24259/jpkwallacea.v14i2.47504
ISSN
2407-7860, 2302-299X
Published
2025-11-21
Publisher
Foresty Faculty of Hasanuddin University
Language
en

Abstract

Climatic elements are limiting factors for plants; therefore, climate change can impact the phenology of plants. This study aims to determine the impact of climate change on the reproductive phenology of four local mango cultivars on Sulawesi Island, Indonesia. Data were collected during 2013 and 2014 by observing and recording the production of vegetative shoots, generative shoots, and fruits from the trees of each mango cultivar weekly. To assess the impact of seasonal change on fruit quality, the weight and sugar level of the ripe fruits in each cultivar were measured. Climate data were obtained from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction and the Indonesian Agency for Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics Region IV, Makassar. Results show that from 1979 until 2014, the climate in the study site changed from type D to type C according to the Schmidt-Ferguson Climate Classification method, indicating that the wet season became longer. Following climate change, the reproductive phenology of the four mango cultivars also changed from once to twice annually, whereby the flush of vegetative and reproductive shoots that appeared during the first period in March did not successfully develop into mature fruit but developed following the second period in July. The change of season also impacted the quality of the mangoes, as fruit produced during the longer dry season had higher sugar levels than those produced during the shorter dry season.

Keywords

Collaboration network of the authors

40 authors · 127 co-authorship links · 15 across different organisations · showing the 40 most connected

Hover or tap a name to highlight its co-authors. Double-click to open the author's page.

  • Hasanuddin University
  • Ehime University
  • Universitas Negeri Padang
  • Al Asyariah Mandar University
  • Ministry of Environment and Forestry, Republic of Indonesia
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Different organisations
  • Same organisation
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Thicker line = more joint articles · bigger circle = more articles
Show as table
Co-authorOrganisationJoint articles
Risma Illa MaulanyHasanuddin University10
Amran AchmadHasanuddin University4
Muh Nur IhsanAffiliation unknown4
Fadly SuhatiAffiliation unknown4
Munajat NursaputraHasanuddin University3
Abdur Rahman ArifHasanuddin University3
Fardi Ali SyahdarAffiliation unknown3
Arif KoesharyadiAffiliation unknown3
Anwar UmarHasanuddin University2
Aisyah MutmainnahMinistry of Environment and Forestry, Republic of Indonesia2
Siti Halimah LarekengHasanuddin University2
Andi Subhan MustariHasanuddin University2
Aris Prio AmbodoAffiliation unknown2
Yohan LawangAffiliation unknown2
AsriannyHasanuddin University1
AsriannyAffiliation unknown1
Sitti SalehaAffiliation unknown1
Risye DwiyaniAffiliation unknown1
Lady ChaniaEhime University1
Ida Bagus Oka AgastyaAffiliation unknown1
Dian Adhetya ArifUniversitas Negeri Padang1
Azril ChairilHasanuddin University1
Syamsu RijalHasanuddin University1
Try ArdiansyahHasanuddin University1
AMIR YASSIHasanuddin University1
Hari IswoyoHasanuddin University1
Rahmansyah DermawanHasanuddin University1
Viligius ViligiusAffiliation unknown1
Itji Diana DaudHasanuddin University1
Tutik KuswinantiHasanuddin University1
Hikmahwati HikmahwatiAl Asyariah Mandar University1
SATRIANI GASSINGHasanuddin University1
Eiji SuzukiHasanuddin University1
Toshihiro YamadaHasanuddin University1

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.unhas.ac.id/index.php/wallacea/oai, first harvested 2 Nov 2026, last seen 2 Nov 2026.
Original metadata (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en">How Climate Change Disrupts Mango Phenology and Affects Fruit Production  </dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Hamzah, Andi Siady</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Ngakan, Putu Oka</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Kaimuddin, Kaimuddin</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Nasri, Nasri</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Putra, Putu Supadma</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Mas'ud, Wardiman</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Climate Change</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">season</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">reproductive phenology</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">Climatic elements are limiting factors for plants; therefore, climate change can impact the phenology of plants. This study aims to determine the impact of climate change on the reproductive phenology of four local mango cultivars on Sulawesi Island, Indonesia. Data were collected during 2013 and 2014 by observing and recording the production of vegetative shoots, generative shoots, and fruits from the trees of each mango cultivar weekly. To assess the impact of seasonal change on fruit quality, the weight and sugar level of the ripe fruits in each cultivar were measured. Climate data were obtained from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction and the Indonesian Agency for Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics Region IV, Makassar. Results show that from 1979 until 2014, the climate in the study site changed from type D to type C according to the Schmidt-Ferguson Climate Classification method, indicating that the wet season became longer. Following climate change, the reproductive phenology of the four mango cultivars also changed from once to twice annually, whereby the flush of vegetative and reproductive shoots that appeared during the first period in March did not successfully develop into mature fruit but developed following the second period in July. The change of season also impacted the quality of the mangoes, as fruit produced during the longer dry season had higher sugar levels than those produced during the shorter dry season.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Foresty Faculty of Hasanuddin University</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2025-11-21</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.unhas.ac.id/index.php/wallacea/article/view/47504</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.24259/jpkwallacea.v14i2.47504</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Jurnal Penelitian Kehutanan Wallacea; Vol. 14 No. 2 (2025); 83-96</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2407-7860</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2302-299X</dc:source>
	<dc:language>en</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.unhas.ac.id/index.php/wallacea/article/view/47504/13728</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2025 Jurnal Penelitian Kehutanan Wallacea</dc:rights>
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