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Analysis of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Usage in Enhancing Occupational Safety on Board KM. Pantokrator

Maritime Park: Journal of Maritime Technology and Society · Vol. ume (2026) · pp. 511–526

DOI
10.62012/db5db966
ISSN
2828-6669, 2828-7010
Published
2026-10-04
Publisher
Department of Ocean Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hasanuddin University
Language
en
License
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

Abstract

This study examines Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) compliance during ship docking activities on board KM. Pantokrator and identifies factors influencing its implementation. A qualitative descriptive approach was employed during a 12-month sea-practice period from August 2024 to August 2025, with primary observations conducted during the vessel’s docking and maintenance activities at JMI II Semarang from October to December 2024. Data were collected through direct observation, semi-structured interviews with four informants comprising a Third Officer, Bosun, Able Seaman, and Kasap, and supporting documentation. The data were analyzed through qualitative coding supported by NVivo and validated through triangulation of observation, interview, and documentary evidence. The findings show that PPE compliance was inconsistent across work activities, particularly during maintenance tasks such as chipping, painting, grinding, cleaning, and work at height. PPE use was influenced by personal awareness, comfort, supervision, equipment availability, and work culture. Documentary evidence also indicated limitations in PPE availability and procurement fulfillment. Compliance tended to improve when supervision was present but was less consistent during routine work without direct monitoring. The study concludes that improving PPE compliance requires more than providing equipment; it requires systematic supervision, adequate PPE stock management, timely procurement, and reinforcement of a safety culture in shipboard work practices.

Keywords

Collaboration network of the authors

14 authors · 69 co-authorship links

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  • State University of Makassar
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Different organisations
  • Same organisation
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Thicker line = more joint articles · bigger circle = more articles
Show as table
Co-authorOrganisationJoint articles
Fahmi UmasangadjiAffiliation unknown1
Subehana RachmanAffiliation unknown1
Tasdik TonaAffiliation unknown1
Nurwahidah NurwahidahAffiliation unknown1
Haerani AsriAffiliation unknown1
Eva SusantiAffiliation unknown1
Nurwahidah NurwahidahState University of Makassar1
Tasdik TonaAffiliation unknown1
Eva SusantiAffiliation unknown1
Haerani AsriAffiliation unknown1
Fahmi UmasangadjiAffiliation unknown1

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.unhas.ac.id/index.php/maritimepark/oai, first harvested 2 Nov 2026, last seen 8 Nov 2026.
Original metadata (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en">Analysis of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Usage in Enhancing Occupational Safety on Board KM. Pantokrator</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Nadhilah, Fildzah</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Rachman, Subehana</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Saputra, Andi Muh Akbar</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Occupational Safety</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">PPE Implementation</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Crew Compliance</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Safety Culture</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Maritime Operations</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Risk Factors</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">This study examines Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) compliance during ship docking activities on board KM. Pantokrator and identifies factors influencing its implementation. A qualitative descriptive approach was employed during a 12-month sea-practice period from August 2024 to August 2025, with primary observations conducted during the vessel’s docking and maintenance activities at JMI II Semarang from October to December 2024. Data were collected through direct observation, semi-structured interviews with four informants comprising a Third Officer, Bosun, Able Seaman, and Kasap, and supporting documentation. The data were analyzed through qualitative coding supported by NVivo and validated through triangulation of observation, interview, and documentary evidence. The findings show that PPE compliance was inconsistent across work activities, particularly during maintenance tasks such as chipping, painting, grinding, cleaning, and work at height. PPE use was influenced by personal awareness, comfort, supervision, equipment availability, and work culture. Documentary evidence also indicated limitations in PPE availability and procurement fulfillment. Compliance tended to improve when supervision was present but was less consistent during routine work without direct monitoring. The study concludes that improving PPE compliance requires more than providing equipment; it requires systematic supervision, adequate PPE stock management, timely procurement, and reinforcement of a safety culture in shipboard work practices.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Department of Ocean Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hasanuddin University</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2026-10-04</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.unhas.ac.id/index.php/maritimepark/article/view/50657</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.62012/db5db966</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Maritime Park: Journal of Maritime Technology and Society; Volume 5, Issue 3, 2026; 511-526</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2828-6669</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2828-7010</dc:source>
	<dc:language>en</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.unhas.ac.id/index.php/maritimepark/article/view/50657/15099</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2026 Maritime Park: Journal of Maritime Technology and Society</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>