Ijtihad Umar Ibnu Al Khattab

Abstract

English

This paper discusses the ijtihad of Umar Ibn Al-Khattab, the second caliph after Prophet Muhammad SAW, who is known as one of the most influential companions in Islamic history. Umar played a crucial role in strengthening and expanding Islam through his various ijtihad in the fields of law, social affairs, politics, and economics. This study highlights several significant decisions made by Umar, including the compilation of the Qur'an after the Battle of Yamama, the enforcement of congregational tarawih prayers during the month of Ramadan, and the expansion of the Masjid al-Haram and the Prophet's Mosque. Additionally, this paper illustrates Umar's efforts in the development of Islamic cities, the establishment of an efficient governance system, and the creation of Baitul Mal for state financial management. Umar is known as a firm, just, and innovative leader, whose contributions continue to be respected and studied by subsequent generations.

Indonesian

Makalah ini membahas ijtihad Umar Ibnu Al-Khattab, khalifah kedua setelah Nabi Muhammad SAW, yang dikenal sebagai salah satu sahabat yang paling berpengaruh dalam sejarah Islam. Umar memainkan peran penting dalam memperkuat dan memperluas Islam melalui berbagai ijtihadnya di bidang hukum, sosial, politik, dan ekonomi. Penelitian ini menyoroti beberapa keputusan signifikan Umar, termasuk kompilasi Al-Qur'an setelah Perang Al-Yamamah, penegakan sholat tarawih berjamaah selama bulan Ramadhan, dan perluasan Masjidil Haram serta Masjid Nabawi. Selain itu, makalah ini menggambarkan upaya Umar dalam pengembangan kota-kota Islam, pendirian sistem pemerintahan yang efisien, dan penciptaan Baitul Mal untuk pengelolaan keuangan negara. Umar dikenal sebagai pemimpin yang tegas, adil, dan penuh inovasi, yang kontribusinya terus dihormati dan dipelajari oleh generasi-generasi berikutnya.