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SOCIAL AND BEHAVIOURAL FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH ULTRAPROCESSED FOOD CONSUMPTION AMONG ADOLESCENTS IN SEMARANG CITY

Hasanuddin Journal of Public Health (HJPH) · Vol. 7 No. 3 (2026) · pp. 288–298

DOI
10.30597/hjph.v7i3.54717
ISSN
2721-2408
Published
2026-10-21
Publisher
Faculty of Public Health, Hasanuddin University, Makassar
Language
en
License
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

Abstract

Background: Ultra-Processed Food (UPF) consumption among adolescents is increasing and is associated with the risk of overweight and non-communicable diseases. Purpose: This study aimed to analyse the association of sex, parents income, advertising exposure, and eating behaviour with UPF consumption among junior high school students in Semarang City, Indonesia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in three junior high schools in Semarang City in 2026 among 297 students selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using questionnaires, including a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Data were analysed using univariate analysis, the chi-square test, and binary logistic regression. Results: A total of 62.63% of students had high UPF consumption. Advertising exposure (p<0.001) and eating behaviour (p<0.001) were significantly associated with UPF consumption, whereas sex (p=0.778) and parents income (p=0.315) were not. Advertising exposure was the most dominant factor (OR=4.40; 95% CI: 2.58–7.49), followed by negative eating behaviour (OR=3.88; 95% CI: 2.28–6.60). Conclusion: Advertising exposure and eating behaviour are the main determinants of UPF consumption among junior high school students. School-based media literacy and nutrition education, together with stronger regulation of food marketing to children and adolescents, should be prioritised.

Keywords

Collaboration network of the authors

40 authors · 109 co-authorship links · showing the 40 most connected

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  • State University of Semarang
  • Indonesia University of Education
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Different organisations
  • Same organisation
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Thicker line = more joint articles · bigger circle = more articles
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Co-authorOrganisationJoint articles
Widya Hary CahyatiAffiliation unknown5
Irwan BudionoAffiliation unknown4
Ari YuniastutiState University of Semarang4
Mahalul AzamAffiliation unknown3
Dina Nur Anggraini NingrumAffiliation unknown3
Galuh Nita PrameswariAffiliation unknown2
Puput EdiyarsariAffiliation unknown2
Setya RahayuAffiliation unknown2
Tandiyo RahayuAffiliation unknown2
Vilda Ana Veria SetyawatiAffiliation unknown2
Yuni WijayantiAffiliation unknown2
Sofwan IndarjoState University of Semarang2
Andi Zulkifli AbdullahAffiliation unknown1
Latifah RahmaniahAffiliation unknown1
Nabila Ramadhani Arsyad ArsyadAffiliation unknown1
Suriah YusdalifaAffiliation unknown1
Aeni NahdiyatiAffiliation unknown1
Azaluddin AzaluddinAffiliation unknown1
Arlin AdamAffiliation unknown1
Zamli ZamliAffiliation unknown1
Mappeaty NyorongAffiliation unknown1
Andi Asliana SainalAffiliation unknown1
Saniya Ilma ArifaAffiliation unknown1
A. Rinaldy JaharuddinAffiliation unknown1
Indrakasih PratiwiAffiliation unknown1
Adhi Nauval Hafizh ThahaAffiliation unknown1
Andi Selvi YusnitasariAffiliation unknown1
IrabuanaAffiliation unknown1
Lolah Auliya MuthmainnahAffiliation unknown1
Ummul QuraAffiliation unknown1
Sri MulyaniIndonesia University of Education1
Andi Selvi YusnitasariAffiliation unknown1
Clement LifoiaAffiliation unknown1
A. Tiara Aurelia AnnisaAffiliation unknown1
Suryani As'adAffiliation unknown1
Pingkan FristiwiAffiliation unknown1
Fatimah Asri Fadhilah AuliaAffiliation unknown1

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.unhas.ac.id/index.php/hjph/oai, first harvested 2 Nov 2026, last seen 2 Nov 2026.
Original metadata (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en">SOCIAL AND BEHAVIOURAL FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH ULTRAPROCESSED FOOD CONSUMPTION AMONG ADOLESCENTS IN SEMARANG CITY</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Nugraheni, Sri Achadi</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Handayani, Oktia Woro Kasmini</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Maria, Ida Leida</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Ultra-processed food;</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">adolescents;</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">advertising exposure;</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">eating behaviour;</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">parents income;</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">Background: Ultra-Processed Food (UPF) consumption among adolescents is increasing and is associated with the risk of overweight and non-communicable diseases. Purpose: This study aimed to analyse the association of sex, parents income, advertising exposure, and eating behaviour with UPF consumption among junior high school students in Semarang City, Indonesia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in three junior high schools in Semarang City in 2026 among 297 students selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using questionnaires, including a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Data were analysed using univariate analysis, the chi-square test, and binary logistic regression. Results: A total of 62.63% of students had high UPF consumption. Advertising exposure (p&amp;lt;0.001) and eating behaviour (p&amp;lt;0.001) were significantly associated with UPF consumption, whereas sex (p=0.778) and parents income (p=0.315) were not. Advertising exposure was the most dominant factor (OR=4.40; 95% CI: 2.58–7.49), followed by negative eating behaviour (OR=3.88; 95% CI: 2.28–6.60). Conclusion: Advertising exposure and eating behaviour are the main determinants of UPF consumption among junior high school students. School-based media literacy and nutrition education, together with stronger regulation of food marketing to children and adolescents, should be prioritised.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Faculty of Public Health, Hasanuddin University, Makassar</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2026-10-21</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.unhas.ac.id/index.php/hjph/article/view/54717</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.30597/hjph.v7i3.54717</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Hasanuddin Journal of Public Health (HJPH); Vol. 7 No. 3: OCTOBER 2026; 288-298</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2721-2408</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.30597/hjph.v7i3</dc:source>
	<dc:language>en</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.unhas.ac.id/index.php/hjph/article/view/54717/15154</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2026 by author</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>