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The Description of Health Literacy, Knowledge, and Skills of Elderly People with Diabetes Mellitus Using Insulin Injections at Public Health Centers in Makassar City

Indonesian Contemporary Nursing Journal (ICON Journal) · Vol. 9 No. 2 (2025) · pp. 109–123

DOI
10.20956/icon.v9i2.42025
ISSN
2686-116X, 2528-2557
Published
2025-02-27
Publisher
Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Hasanuddin
Language
en

Abstract

Objective: To assess the health literacy, knowledge, and skills of older adults with Diabetes Mellitus using insulin injections at Public health centers in Makassar City in 2024. Methods: This study is a quantitative research with a descriptive design using a cross-sectional approach. The sample selection employed non-probability sampling, expressly incidental sampling, involving 200 elderly individuals with Diabetes Mellitus who use insulin injections. Data was collected using the HLS-EU-SQ10-IDN and a knowledge and skills questionnaire on insulin use. The questionnaires were adapted into Indonesian and tested for validity and reliability. Results: The study found that out of 200 elderly respondents, 97.0% were aged 60-74 years, with a mean age of (65.70). The majority were female (59.0%), retirees (44.5%), and had completed high school (49.5%). About 67.0% had suffered from Diabetes Mellitus for 5 years or more, with a mean of 7.17 years. Half of the respondents (50.0%) used Novorapid FlexPen® insulin, while 70.0% were on the additional antidiabetic drug Metformin. Blood glucose levels (GDP) were in the prediabetic range (100-125 mg/dl) for 50.5% of respondents, with a mean of 142.57 mg/dl. Most had comorbid hypertension (80.5%) and a normal BMI (56.0%). The health literacy level was sufficient for (70.5%) of respondents, with 98% showing good knowledge and (93.5%) demonstrating good skills. Conclusion: Most showed sufficient health literacy and demonstrated good knowledge and skills. These findings highlight the importance of comprehensive health support for elderly individuals with diabetes.

Keywords

Collaboration network of the authors

40 authors · 95 co-authorship links · 5 across different organisations · showing the 40 most connected

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  • Institut Agama Islam Negeri Kendari
  • Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin Makassar
  • Universitas Halu Oleo
  • Universitas Gadjah Mada
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Different organisations
  • Same organisation
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Thicker line = more joint articles · bigger circle = more articles
Show as table
Co-authorOrganisationJoint articles
Silvia MalasariAffiliation unknown4
Maghfira Meyghafary Anhariza DawaAffiliation unknown2
Dita NatasyaAffiliation unknown2
Muhamad Gilang Ramadhan TunggengAffiliation unknown2
Nur Isra NopiantiAffiliation unknown2
Pahdila Rezki AnnisaAffiliation unknown2
Nurul Fadhilah FaisalUniversitas Islam Negeri Alauddin Makassar1
Sitti Aisyah KaraUniversitas Islam Negeri Alauddin Makassar1
Darsul S. PuyuUniversitas Islam Negeri Alauddin Makassar1
Sari SilvianiInstitut Agama Islam Negeri Kendari1
Abdul GaffarInstitut Agama Islam Negeri Kendari1
Afifatul IfaInstitut Agama Islam Negeri Kendari1
Guswan HakimUniversitas Halu Oleo1
Jabalnur JabalnurUniversitas Halu Oleo1
Hasriana SariAffiliation unknown1
Darmiaty DarmiatyAffiliation unknown1
Nur FadilahUniversitas Gadjah Mada1
Andi WahyuniAffiliation unknown1
Moh. Syafar SangkalaAffiliation unknown1
Andina SetyawatiAffiliation unknown1
Fiqriatul HidayahAffiliation unknown1
Nurhaya NurdinAffiliation unknown1
Hapsah HapsahAffiliation unknown1
Akbar HarisaAffiliation unknown1
Rezki Yusfa SeftianiAffiliation unknown1
Ariyanti SalehAffiliation unknown1
Takdir TahirAffiliation unknown1
Husnul Hatima AhmadAffiliation unknown1
Andi Suheyra SyaukiAffiliation unknown1
Rahmadana RahmadanaAffiliation unknown1
JumiatiAffiliation unknown1
Asriyanti SyarifAffiliation unknown1
Muh.Ikmal SalehAffiliation unknown1
Saleh MollaAffiliation unknown1
Jumiati LiraAffiliation unknown1
Moh. Yanuar Jarwadi PurwantoAffiliation unknown1
Moh. YaniAffiliation unknown1
Siti Nur FatinahAffiliation unknown1

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.unhas.ac.id/index.php/icon/oai, first harvested 2 Nov 2026, last seen 2 Nov 2026.
Original metadata (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en">The Description of Health Literacy, Knowledge, and Skills of Elderly People with Diabetes Mellitus Using Insulin Injections at Public Health Centers in Makassar City</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Akbar, Akbar</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Jafar, Nuurhidayat</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Health Literacy</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Knowledge</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Skill</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Elderly</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Diabetes Melitus</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">Objective: To assess the health literacy, knowledge, and skills of older adults with Diabetes Mellitus using insulin injections at Public health centers in Makassar City in 2024.
Methods: This study is a quantitative research with a descriptive design using a cross-sectional approach. The sample selection employed non-probability sampling, expressly incidental sampling, involving 200 elderly individuals with Diabetes Mellitus who use insulin injections. Data was collected using the HLS-EU-SQ10-IDN and a knowledge and skills questionnaire on insulin use. The questionnaires were adapted into Indonesian and tested for validity and reliability.
Results: The study found that out of 200 elderly respondents, 97.0% were aged 60-74 years, with a mean age of (65.70). The majority were female (59.0%), retirees (44.5%), and had completed high school (49.5%). About 67.0% had suffered from Diabetes Mellitus for 5 years or more, with a mean of 7.17 years. Half of the respondents (50.0%) used Novorapid FlexPen® insulin, while 70.0% were on the additional antidiabetic drug Metformin. Blood glucose levels (GDP) were in the prediabetic range (100-125 mg/dl) for 50.5% of respondents, with a mean of 142.57 mg/dl. Most had comorbid hypertension (80.5%) and a normal BMI (56.0%). The health literacy level was sufficient for (70.5%) of respondents, with 98% showing good knowledge and (93.5%) demonstrating good skills.
Conclusion: Most showed sufficient health literacy and demonstrated good knowledge and skills. These findings highlight the importance of comprehensive health support for elderly individuals with diabetes.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Hasanuddin</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2025-02-27</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:type xml:lang="en">Original Article</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.unhas.ac.id/index.php/icon/article/view/42025</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.20956/icon.v9i2.42025</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Indonesian Contemporary Nursing Journal (ICON Journal); Vol. 9 No. 2 (2025): Volume 9 Nomor 2 Februari 2025; 109-123</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2686-116X</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2528-2557</dc:source>
	<dc:language>en</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.unhas.ac.id/index.php/icon/article/view/42025/12592</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2025 Indonesian Contemporary Nursing Journal (ICON Journal)</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>