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Investigating The Integration Of Critical Pedagogy In Teaching English As A Foreign Language: Perspectives From Senior High School Teachers In Palu

ELS Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities · Vol. 8 No. 4 (2025) · pp. 1311–1316

DOI
10.34050/els-jish.v8i4.45333
ISSN
2621-0835, 2621-0843
Published
2025-12-28
Publisher
Hasanuddin University
Language
en
License
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

Abstract

This study investigates the integration of Critical Pedagogy in teaching English as a Foreign Language (EFL) based on the perspectives of senior high school teachers in Palu, Indonesia, within the framework of the Merdeka Belajar curriculum. Using a qualitative research design, this study explores how teachers understand and apply key principles of Critical Pedagogy, such as dialogue, problem-posing, reflection and action (praxis), and the development of students’ critical awareness of social issues. Data were collected through classroom observations and in-depth interviews with three purposively selected EFL teachers. The findings reveal that the teachers have attempted to implement student-centered learning through classroom discussions, problem-solving tasks, and project-based learning connected to local contexts, including disaster awareness and community issues. However, several challenges were identified, including curriculum constraints, limited teaching resources, insufficient professional development opportunities, and students’ limited readiness for critical engagement. This study concludes that the effective integration of Critical Pedagogy in EFL classrooms in Eastern Indonesia requires context-sensitive teacher training, greater curricular flexibility, and stronger policy support to promote critical and socially responsive English language teaching.

Keywords

Collaboration network of the authors

40 authors · 110 co-authorship links · showing the 40 most connected

Hover or tap a name to highlight its co-authors. Double-click to open the author's page.

  • Tadulako University
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Different organisations
  • Same organisation
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Thicker line = more joint articles · bigger circle = more articles
Show as table
Co-authorOrganisationJoint articles
Wahyudin WahyudinTadulako University10
Anjar Kusuma DewiTadulako University5
Andi PatmasariTadulako University4
Mochtar MarhumTadulako University4
Sriati UsmanTadulako University2
Nadrun NadrunTadulako University2
Mafulah MafulahAffiliation unknown2
Desrin LebagiTadulako University2
Hastini HastiniTadulako University2
Rahmat Agung WibowoTadulako University2
Konder ManurungTadulako University1
Nur Zam ZamiaTadulako University1
Tribuana PuspitasariTadulako University1
Melisa MelisaTadulako University1
Wildan Zahen Da'imTadulako University1
Abd. KamarrudinAffiliation unknown1
Moh. Abraham Akbar EisenringTadulako University1
Dewi Putri Tuah SusilaTadulako University1
Aditya Moh. ZikriTadulako University1
Fanisha Astri AuliaTadulako University1
PUTRI ANDINITadulako University1
Rofiqoh RofiqohTadulako University1
Nur Sehang ThamrinTadulako University1
Muhammad Syahruramadana SyukurTadulako University1
Khusnul KhusnulTadulako University1
Mawardin MawardinTadulako University1
Dela ZahraTadulako University1
Aminah AminahTadulako University1
Riska Hazmatul AskiaTadulako University1
Nur FajriaTadulako University1
Budi BudiTadulako University1
Sindi KlodiaTadulako University1
Putri Lisdayanti DarwisTadulako University1
Rivaldo BaraniTadulako University1
Stesia Abigael TomboTadulako University1
Ratnasari RamlanTadulako University1

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.unhas.ac.id/index.php/jish/oai, first harvested 3 Nov 2026, last seen 8 Nov 2026.
Original metadata (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en">Investigating The Integration Of Critical Pedagogy In Teaching English As A Foreign Language: Perspectives From Senior High School Teachers In Palu</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Satria Kamal, Mulky</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Darmawan, Darmawan</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Mashuri, Mashuri</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Maf’ulah, Maf’ulah</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Critical Pedagogy</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">English Language Teaching</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Merdeka Curriculum</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Senior High School</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">This study investigates the integration of Critical Pedagogy in teaching English as a Foreign Language (EFL) based on the perspectives of senior high school teachers in Palu, Indonesia, within the framework of the Merdeka Belajar curriculum. Using a qualitative research design, this study explores how teachers understand and apply key principles of Critical Pedagogy, such as dialogue, problem-posing, reflection and action (praxis), and the development of students’ critical awareness of social issues. Data were collected through classroom observations and in-depth interviews with three purposively selected EFL teachers. The findings reveal that the teachers have attempted to implement student-centered learning through classroom discussions, problem-solving tasks, and project-based learning connected to local contexts, including disaster awareness and community issues. However, several challenges were identified, including curriculum constraints, limited teaching resources, insufficient professional development opportunities, and students’ limited readiness for critical engagement. This study concludes that the effective integration of Critical Pedagogy in EFL classrooms in Eastern Indonesia requires context-sensitive teacher training, greater curricular flexibility, and stronger policy support to promote critical and socially responsive English language teaching.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Hasanuddin University</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2025-12-28</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.unhas.ac.id/index.php/jish/article/view/45333</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.34050/els-jish.v8i4.45333</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">ELS Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities; Vol. 8 No. 4 (2025): DECEMBER; 1311-1316</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2621-0835</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2621-0843</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.34050/els-jish.v8i4</dc:source>
	<dc:language>en</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.unhas.ac.id/index.php/jish/article/view/45333/13922</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2025 Mulky Satria Kamal, Darmawan Darmawan, Mashuri, Maf’ulah</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>