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CONTRAST OF ATMOSPHERIC TRIGGER MECHANISMS IN EXTREME MARINE HEATWAVE EVENTS IN THE SOUTHERN JAVA UPWELLING SYSTEM

Jurnal Ilmu Kelautan SPERMONDE · Vol. UME No. MOR (2026) · pp. 47–55

DOI
10.35911/jiks.v12i2.53286
ISSN
2614-5049, 2460-0156
Published
2026-09-30
Publisher
Hasanuddin University
Language
en
License
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

Abstract

Marine Heatwaves (MHWs) pose a substantial threat to marine ecosystems, with the physical mechanisms initiating these events in specific coastal regions potentially varying over time due to the prevailing phase of climate anomalies. This study seeks to compare the influence of surface wind stress and net solar radiation flux in initiating extreme MHW events within the Southern Java Upwelling System during 2016 and 2019. Sea surface temperature data were sourced from NOAA OISST version 2.1 satellite imagery, while wind and solar radiation components were derived from ECMWF ERA5 reanalysis data. MHW detection was based on the 90th percentile threshold of daily climatology, persisting for a minimum of five consecutive days. The findings indicate that the 2016 event was characterized by persistence, with absolute temperature peaks surpassing 30°C from March to April. This was triggered by a weakening of the southeast monsoon winds to an average of 2.3 m/s, which interrupted Ekman transport and diminished the influx of cold water from the thermocline layer. In contrast, the pronounced temperature increase in December 2019 was instigated by elevated net solar radiation, reaching 275 W/m² due to clear-sky conditions, while winds remained relatively calm following an earlier strengthening of upwelling. These findings underscore the necessity of comprehensive monitoring of atmospheric variables, beyond merely sea temperature, to enhance the reliability of marine early warning systems in Indonesia.

Keywords

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13 authors · 25 co-authorship links

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Co-authorOrganisationJoint articles
Daniar Ihza CarundyatamaAffiliation unknown1
AvrionestiAffiliation unknown1
Purwanti Lelly SabrinaAffiliation unknown1
Reinal Taruna Wahyu HalawaAffiliation unknown1
Latifah Nurul QomariyatuzzamzamiAffiliation unknown1
Avrionesti AvrionestiAffiliation unknown1
Attiya Shakila GianantiAffiliation unknown1
Jerremy Mezac SopacuaAffiliation unknown1

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.unhas.ac.id/index.php/jiks/oai, first harvested 4 Nov 2026, last seen 8 Nov 2026.
Original metadata (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en">CONTRAST OF ATMOSPHERIC TRIGGER MECHANISMS IN EXTREME MARINE HEATWAVE EVENTS IN THE SOUTHERN JAVA UPWELLING SYSTEM</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Muhammad Fadhillah</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Rafli Iqbal Taufiqi</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Adilaksa Kharisma</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Farhan Oktaviansyah Hidayat</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Yosafat Donni Haryanto</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Marine Heatwave</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">solar radiation</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">South of Java</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">upwelling</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">wind stress</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">Marine Heatwaves (MHWs) pose a substantial threat to marine ecosystems, with the physical mechanisms initiating these events in specific coastal regions potentially varying over time due to the prevailing phase of climate anomalies. This study seeks to compare the influence of surface wind stress and net solar radiation flux in initiating extreme MHW events within the Southern Java Upwelling System during 2016 and 2019. Sea surface temperature data were sourced from NOAA OISST version 2.1 satellite imagery, while wind and solar radiation components were derived from ECMWF ERA5 reanalysis data. MHW detection was based on the 90th percentile threshold of daily climatology, persisting for a minimum of five consecutive days. The findings indicate that the 2016 event was characterized by persistence, with absolute temperature peaks surpassing 30°C from March to April. This was triggered by a weakening of the southeast monsoon winds to an average of 2.3 m/s, which interrupted Ekman transport and diminished the influx of cold water from the thermocline layer. In contrast, the pronounced temperature increase in December 2019 was instigated by elevated net solar radiation, reaching 275 W/m² due to clear-sky conditions, while winds remained relatively calm following an earlier strengthening of upwelling. These findings underscore the necessity of comprehensive monitoring of atmospheric variables, beyond merely sea temperature, to enhance the reliability of marine early warning systems in Indonesia.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Hasanuddin University</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2026-09-30</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.unhas.ac.id/index.php/jiks/article/view/53286</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.35911/jiks.v12i2.53286</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Jurnal Ilmu Kelautan SPERMONDE; VOLUME 12 NOMOR 2, 2026; 47-55</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2614-5049</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2460-0156</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.35911/jiks.v12i2</dc:source>
	<dc:language>en</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.unhas.ac.id/index.php/jiks/article/view/53286/15217</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>