Melola Discovery

← Melola Discovery

Open access Journal

Psychosocial Factors and Prevalence of Stress in Early Pregnancy: A Study in Makassar City

Media Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia · Vol. 21 No. 2 (2025) · pp. 124–131

DOI
10.30597/mkmi.v21i2.44786
ISSN
2356-4067, 0216-2482
Published
2025-06-30
Publisher
Faculty of Public Health, Hasanuddin University, Makassar
Language
en
License
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/

Abstract

Stress during pregnancy can negatively impact the health of both the mother and the fetus, especially in the first trimester, which is a period of intense physical and emotional adaptation. This study aims to determine the prevalence and psychosocial factors associated with the occurrence of stress in first-trimester pregnant women in Makassar City. This study uses a cross-sectional design involving 256 first-trimester pregnant women from five public health centers in the suburban areas of Makassar City. Data were collected through interviews using a structured questionnaire. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS10) instrument was used to measure stress levels. Analysis was conducted bivariately and multivariately using logistic regression. The prevalence of severe stress among pregnant women in the first trimester was 36.72%. Multivariate analysis revealed two factors significantly associated with severe stress: low family income (adjusted Prevalence Ratio (aPR) = 2.32; 95% CI: 1.15–4.66; p = 0.018) and poor interpersonal relationships with parents or in-laws (adjusted Prevalence Ratio (aPR) = 4.63; 95% CI: 1.53–14.02; p = 0.007). Socioeconomic factors and interpersonal relationships with parents/in-laws influence the high levels of stress experienced by first-trimester pregnant women. Early intervention that considers the family's economic aspects and social support from the surrounding environment is critical in preventing stress during pregnancy.

Keywords

Collaboration network of the authors

20 authors · 45 co-authorship links · 9 across different organisations

Hover or tap a name to highlight its co-authors. Double-click to open the author's page.

  • Hasanuddin University
  • University of Indonesia
  • Padjadjaran University
  • Universitas Sumatera Utara
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Different organisations
  • Same organisation
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Thicker line = more joint articles · bigger circle = more articles
Show as table
Co-authorOrganisationJoint articles
Putri Bungsu MachmudAffiliation unknown2
Dwi GayatriAffiliation unknown2
Andi Arsunan ArsinHasanuddin University1
Surya Darmawan SyamHasanuddin University1
Nur Nasry NoorHasanuddin University1
Briliana Aulia RahmahHasanuddin University1
Rizky Chaeraty SyamHasanuddin University1
Rosa Devitha AyuHasanuddin University1
Nasrullah NasrullahAffiliation unknown1
Ratna DjuwitaAffiliation unknown1
Nurul KhairaniAffiliation unknown1
Wahyu K.Y. PutraAffiliation unknown1
Evi MarthaAffiliation unknown1
Besral BesralAffiliation unknown1
Sri Novita LubisUniversitas Sumatera Utara1

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.unhas.ac.id/index.php/mkmi/oai, first harvested 5 Nov 2026, last seen 8 Nov 2026.
Original metadata (oai_dc) 
<oai_dc:dc xmlns="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/  http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
	<dc:title xml:lang="en">Psychosocial Factors and Prevalence of Stress in Early Pregnancy: A Study in Makassar City</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Ansar, Jumriani</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Adisasmita, Asri C</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Ronoatmodjo, Sudarto</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Husin, Farid</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Ratnaningsih, Muliani</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Stress</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Pregnant Women</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Family Income</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Interpersonal Relationships</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">EPDS</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">Stress during pregnancy can negatively impact the health of both the mother and the fetus, especially in the first trimester, which is a period of intense physical and emotional adaptation. This study aims to determine the prevalence and psychosocial factors associated with the occurrence of stress in first-trimester pregnant women in Makassar City. This study uses a cross-sectional design involving 256 first-trimester pregnant women from five public health centers in the suburban areas of Makassar City. Data were collected through interviews using a structured questionnaire. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS10) instrument was used to measure stress levels. Analysis was conducted bivariately and multivariately using logistic regression. The prevalence of severe stress among pregnant women in the first trimester was 36.72%. Multivariate analysis revealed two factors significantly associated with severe stress: low family income (adjusted Prevalence Ratio (aPR) = 2.32; 95% CI: 1.15–4.66; p = 0.018) and poor interpersonal relationships with parents or in-laws (adjusted Prevalence Ratio (aPR) = 4.63; 95% CI: 1.53–14.02; p = 0.007). Socioeconomic factors and interpersonal relationships with parents/in-laws influence the high levels of stress experienced by first-trimester pregnant women. Early intervention that considers the family's economic aspects and social support from the surrounding environment is critical in preventing stress during pregnancy.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Faculty of Public Health, Hasanuddin University, Makassar</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2025-06-30</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:type xml:lang="en">Peer-reviewed Article</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.unhas.ac.id/index.php/mkmi/article/view/44786</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.30597/mkmi.v21i2.44786</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Media Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia; Vol. 21 No. 2: JUNE 2025; 124-131</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2356-4067</dc:source>
	<dc:source>0216-2482</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.30597/mkmi.v21i2</dc:source>
	<dc:language>en</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.unhas.ac.id/index.php/mkmi/article/view/44786/13580</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2025 by author</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>