Melola Discovery

← Melola Discovery

Open access Journal

Indoor Air Quality and Sick Building Syndrome in Selected Public Buildings in Shah Alam, Selangor

Media Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia · Vol. 21 No. 3 (2025) · pp. 209–217

DOI
10.30597/mkmi.v21i3.45527
ISSN
2356-4067, 0216-2482
Published
2025-09-30
Publisher
Faculty of Public Health, Hasanuddin University, Makassar
Language
en
License
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/

Abstract

Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) is always associated with Sick Building Syndromes (SBS) despite the age of the buildings, particularly in buildings where indoor air pollutants may affect occupants’ health and productivity. This study assessed IAQ parameters and SBS symptoms in five selected public buildings aged 10 and above in Shah Alam, Selangor. Physical, chemical and biological parameters were measured, while structured questionnaires were completed by 87 respondents occupying the buildings. Most IAQ parameters were within the ranges of the Industry Code of Practice on IAQ (ICOP IAQ 2010), except for air velocity, formaldehyde and Total Volatile Organic Compound (TVOC) in two buildings. Statistical analyses showed no association between the building type and SBS occurrence, and no significant differences (p > 0.05) in air velocity, TVOC, CO2 or fungal count among the buildings. In order to reduce SBS risks and enhance SBS, the source of contaminants should be tackled and regular monitoring should be implemented to ensure compliance with IAQ limits.

Keywords

Collaboration network of the authors

25 authors · 54 co-authorship links · 9 across different organisations

Hover or tap a name to highlight its co-authors. Double-click to open the author's page.

  • Hasanuddin University
  • Universiti Teknologi MARA
  • University of Kuala Lumpur
  • Universiti Malaysia Perlis
  • Different organisations
  • Same organisation
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Thicker line = more joint articles · bigger circle = more articles
Show as table
Co-authorOrganisationJoint articles
Atjo WahyuHasanuddin University4
Rifa’ah Mahmudah Bulu’Hasanuddin University2
Furqaan NaiemHasanuddin University1
Tahir AbdullahHasanuddin University1
F NaeimHasanuddin University1
Iin Karmila YusriHasanuddin University1
Andi HardiantiHasanuddin University1
Andi IndahwatyHasanuddin University1
A. Syalsa Rizkyah Imasya PutriHasanuddin University1
Masyita MuisHasanuddin University1
Aisyah Sandra A. RahmanHasanuddin University1
Sheren Maria Birgita DanurHasanuddin University1
M. Furqaan NaiemHasanuddin University1
Fachriani BaharuddinHasanuddin University1
Lalu Muhammad SalehHasanuddin University1
Andi ZulkifliHasanuddin University1
OUEDRAOGO ASSANEHasanuddin University1
A. WahyuniHasanuddin University1
ADAM ADAMHasanuddin University1
Andi Indahwaty SidinHasanuddin University1

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.unhas.ac.id/index.php/mkmi/oai, first harvested 5 Nov 2026, last seen 8 Nov 2026.
Original metadata (oai_dc) 
<oai_dc:dc xmlns="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/  http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
	<dc:title xml:lang="en">Indoor Air Quality and Sick Building Syndrome in Selected Public Buildings in Shah Alam, Selangor</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Ismail, Ismaniza</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Zulkarnain, Mohamad Solehin</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Ridzuan, Ilyas Syafiq Darul</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Thamrin, Yahya</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Hamidin, Nasrul</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Indoor Air Quality</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Sick Building Syndrome</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Public Buildings</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) is always associated with Sick Building Syndromes (SBS) despite the age of the buildings, particularly in buildings where indoor air pollutants may affect occupants’ health and productivity. This study assessed IAQ parameters and SBS symptoms in five selected public buildings aged 10 and above in Shah Alam, Selangor. Physical, chemical and biological parameters were measured, while structured questionnaires were completed by 87 respondents occupying the buildings. Most IAQ parameters were within the ranges of the Industry Code of Practice on IAQ (ICOP IAQ 2010), except for air velocity, formaldehyde and Total Volatile Organic Compound (TVOC) in two buildings. Statistical analyses showed no association between the building type and SBS occurrence, and no significant differences (p &amp;gt; 0.05) in air velocity, TVOC, CO2 or fungal count among the buildings. In order to reduce SBS risks and enhance SBS, the source of contaminants should be tackled and regular monitoring should be implemented to ensure compliance with IAQ limits.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Faculty of Public Health, Hasanuddin University, Makassar</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2025-09-30</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:type xml:lang="en">Peer-reviewed Article</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.unhas.ac.id/index.php/mkmi/article/view/45527</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.30597/mkmi.v21i3.45527</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Media Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia; Vol. 21 No. 3: SEPTEMBER 2025; 209-217</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2356-4067</dc:source>
	<dc:source>0216-2482</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.30597/mkmi.v21i3</dc:source>
	<dc:language>en</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.unhas.ac.id/index.php/mkmi/article/view/45527/13587</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2025 by author</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>