Open access Journal
Clustering Community Risk Behaviors for Non-Communicable Diseases in Indonesia: Based on Indonesian Health Survey Data
Media Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia · Vol. 21 No. 3 (2025) · pp. 225–235
- ISSN
- 2356-4067, 0216-2482
- Published
- 2025-09-30
- Publisher
- Faculty of Public Health, Hasanuddin University, Makassar
- Language
- en
Abstract
Non-communicable Diseases (NCDs) such as hypertension, stroke, diabetes mellitus, and heart disease are major causes of morbidity and mortality in Indonesia. Community behaviors, including smoking, low physical activity, and unhealthy diets, significantly influence NCD incidence. To analyze associations between behavioral risk factors (daily smoking, physical inactivity, consumption of sugary foods and drinks, salty foods, fatty foods, soft drinks, and inadequate fruit intake) and the prevalence of NCDs, and to classify regions based on risk factors and disease prevalence. A cross-sectional study was conducted using secondary data from the 2023 Indonesian Health Survey (IHS), encompassing 345,000 households across 39 provinces. The Ministry of Health collected the data through standardized interviews and health examinations conducted by trained surveyors. Data analysis employed descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and K-Means Clustering. Daily smoking correlated positively with hypertension, stroke, and diabetes. Fatty food consumption showed strong positive associations with the same diseases (r = 0.45–0.48, p < 0.01). Soft drink consumption demonstrated a significant negative correlation, especially with stroke (r = -0.66, p < 0.001). Hypertension (7.2%) and stroke (7.1%) were more prevalent than diabetes (2.0%) and heart disease (0.76%). North Maluku showed the highest behavioral risks, Bali the lowest. DI Yogyakarta and DKI Jakarta had the highest NCD prevalence, while the Papua Mountains had the lowest. K-Means clustering grouped provinces into low, medium, and high-risk clusters. Community behaviors, particularly smoking and fatty food intake, significantly affect NCD prevalence. Public health programs should target smoking cessation, healthy diet promotion, and increased physical activity to reduce the NCD burden.
Keywords
Collaboration network of the authors
24 authors · 42 co-authorship links
Hover or tap a name to highlight its co-authors. Double-click to open the author's page.
- State University of Semarang
- Affiliation unknown
- Different organisations
- Same organisation
- Affiliation unknown
- Thicker line = more joint articles · bigger circle = more articles
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| Co-author | Organisation | Joint articles |
|---|---|---|
| S Arifa | State University of Semarang | 1 |
| Oktia Woro Kasmini Handayani | State University of Semarang | 1 |
| Azhar Fauzan Fadhil | State University of Semarang | 1 |
| Dyah Ayu Shinta Ratnasari | State University of Semarang | 1 |
| Syifa Nurisma Putri | State University of Semarang | 1 |
| Amalia An Nidha | State University of Semarang | 1 |
| Qonita Nur Qolby | State University of Semarang | 1 |
| Tyas Purwaningsih | State University of Semarang | 1 |
| Devita Uzlah Sibarani | State University of Semarang | 1 |
| Rr. Sri Ratna Rahayu | State University of Semarang | 1 |
| Nintorio Vieira Fernandes | State University of Semarang | 1 |
| Widya Hary Cahyati | State University of Semarang | 1 |
| Dhea Istiva Ayu | State University of Semarang | 1 |
| Regina Marsha Nathaniela | State University of Semarang | 1 |
| Puji Sutarjo | Affiliation unknown | 1 |
| Lintang Wening Ing Tyas | State University of Semarang | 1 |
| Novita Kukilowati | Affiliation unknown | 1 |
| Sultan Aulia Rahmat | State University of Semarang | 1 |
| Suharna Suharna | Affiliation unknown | 1 |
| Dianita Sari | State University of Semarang | 1 |
Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.