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Tracing Current Wildlife Trade: An Initial Investigation in Makassar City, Indonesia

Forest and Society · Vol. 5 No. 2 (2021) · pp. 277–287

DOI
10.24259/fs.v5i2.9097
ISSN
2549-4333, 2549-4724
Published
2021-07-06
Publisher
Forestry Faculty, Universitas Hasanuddin
Language
en
License
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

Abstract

Wildlife trade has become one of the main causes of species loss and extinction. Increasing anthropogenic pressure posits crucial challenges to wildlife, and several species are threatened or at the edge of extinction. In this study, we aimed to examine the current wildlife trade in Makassar City of South Sulawesi, especially focusing on traded species, their area of origin, price, conservation status and traders’ distribution across the city. We conducted a market survey and direct observations of animals and wildlife traders in several locations, using a questionnaire targeting both wildlife/pet sellers and buyers. We also interviewed government bodies related with wildlife trade. Our results showed that there were 13 distribution spots of wildlife trading in the city of Makassar, and 27 different wildlife suppliers. During the seven months of observation (March-September 2018), the trade involved 62 species of birds, mammals and reptiles. More than 50% of these species had Indonesian origins, and 18% were endemic species of Sulawesi Island. The highest number of animals traded in the market were birds. Out of the 2,642 individuals being traded, 32 were considered as protected species under the IUCN regulation, 24 were species whose trade is regulated by CITES, and 10 were nationally protected according to the Indonesian Government’s Laws. The traded animals were obtained from different sources, including direct hunters, middlemen, opportunists, and breeders, mostly from Sulawesi (44.19%) and western parts of Indonesia (37.21%).

Keywords

Collaboration network of the authors

40 authors · 114 co-authorship links · 12 across different organisations · showing the 40 most connected

Hover or tap a name to highlight its co-authors. Double-click to open the author's page.

  • Hasanuddin University
  • Ministry of Environment and Forestry, Republic of Indonesia
  • Muhammadiyah University of Makassar
  • Ehime University
  • Universitas Negeri Padang
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Different organisations
  • Same organisation
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Thicker line = more joint articles · bigger circle = more articles
Show as table
Co-authorOrganisationJoint articles
Putu Supadma PutraHasanuddin University12
Andi Siady HamzahHasanuddin University9
Nida' Sari AchmadAffiliation unknown5
Asrianny AsriannyHasanuddin University4
Anwar UmarHasanuddin University4
Andi Utami Batari PutriHasanuddin University3
Ngakan Putu OkaHasanuddin University3
Muh Nur IhsanAffiliation unknown3
Fadly SuhatiAffiliation unknown3
Munajat NursaputraHasanuddin University2
Abdur Rahman ArifHasanuddin University2
Asar Said MahbubHasanuddin University2
AsriannyHasanuddin University2
AsriannyAffiliation unknown2
Fardi Ali SyahdarAffiliation unknown2
Arif KoesharyadiAffiliation unknown2
Kaimuddin KaimuddinHasanuddin University2
Wardiman Mas’udHasanuddin University2
Roland BarkeyHasanuddin University2
Nirwana NirwanaMuhammadiyah University of Makassar1
Sitti SalehaAffiliation unknown1
Alya HeldayantiHasanuddin University1
Risye DwiyaniAffiliation unknown1
Lady ChaniaEhime University1
Ida Bagus Oka AgastyaAffiliation unknown1
Dian Adhetya ArifUniversitas Negeri Padang1
Hamdan HamdanHasanuddin University1
Tamrin Salim MahifaHasanuddin University1
Laode Muhammad IqbalHasanuddin University1
Muhammad DasirHasanuddin University1
Azril ChairilHasanuddin University1
Syamsu RijalHasanuddin University1
Try ArdiansyahHasanuddin University1
Agus SalimHasanuddin University1
Eiji SuzukiHasanuddin University1

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.unhas.ac.id/index.php/fs/oai, first harvested 5 Nov 2026, last seen 8 Nov 2026.
Original metadata (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en">Tracing Current Wildlife Trade: An Initial Investigation in Makassar City, Indonesia   </dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Maulany, Risma Illa</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Mutmainnah, Aisyah </dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Nasri, Nasri</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Achmad, Amran</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Ngakan, Putu Oka</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Wildlife trade</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">declining population status</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">illegal trade</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">wildlife trader’s distribution</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">wildlife key players and networks</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">Wildlife trade has become one of the main causes of species loss and extinction. Increasing anthropogenic pressure posits crucial challenges to wildlife, and several species are threatened or at the edge of extinction. In this study, we aimed to examine the current wildlife trade in Makassar City of South Sulawesi, especially focusing on traded species, their area of origin, price, conservation status and traders’ distribution across the city. We conducted a market survey and direct observations of animals and wildlife traders in several locations, using a questionnaire targeting both wildlife/pet sellers and buyers. We also interviewed government bodies related with wildlife trade. Our results showed that there were 13 distribution spots of wildlife trading in the city of Makassar, and 27 different wildlife suppliers. During the seven months of observation (March-September 2018), the trade involved 62 species of birds, mammals and reptiles. More than 50% of these species had Indonesian origins, and 18% were endemic species of Sulawesi Island. The highest number of animals traded in the market were birds. Out of the 2,642 individuals being traded, 32 were considered as protected species under the IUCN regulation, 24 were species whose trade is regulated by CITES, and 10 were nationally protected according to the Indonesian Government’s Laws. The traded animals were obtained from different sources, including direct hunters, middlemen, opportunists, and breeders, mostly from Sulawesi (44.19%) and western parts of Indonesia (37.21%).</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Forestry Faculty, Universitas Hasanuddin</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2021-07-06</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.unhas.ac.id/index.php/fs/article/view/9097</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.24259/fs.v5i2.9097</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Forest and Society; Vol. 5 No. 2 (2021): NOVEMBER; 277-287</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2549-4333</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2549-4724</dc:source>
	<dc:language>en</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.unhas.ac.id/index.php/fs/article/view/9097/6978</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2021 Forest and Society</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>