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Urban Green Space Analysis and its Effect on the Surface Urban Heat Island Phenomenon in Denpasar City, Bali

Forest and Society · Vol. 7 No. 1 (2023) · pp. 150–168

DOI
10.24259/fs.v7i1.24526
ISSN
2549-4333, 2549-4724
Published
2023-04-04
Publisher
Forestry Faculty, Universitas Hasanuddin
Language
en
License
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

Abstract

The Urbanization process in Indonesia’s big cities causes adverse environmental impacts such as climate change and land cover change. Urban climate change causes the warming of urban areas compared to rural areas; it is called Urban Heat Island phenomenon. Loss of vegetation due to urban development is one of several causes that contribute to urban heat islands. This study examines the availability of green spaces and their effects on the surface urban heat island in Denpasar city. This study used the spatial approach for Urban Green space mapping with digitizing methods. Landsat 8's thermal band is used for land surface temperature mapping and to conduct a spatial pattern analysis of the SUHI phenomena. The Global Moran’s Index and Local Indicator of Spatial Association (LISA) were used to determine the correlation between urban green space and SUHI. The study result shows that Denpasar City's urban green space area covers 28.22 km2. That's equal to 22.1% of the Denpasar City Administrative area. Denpasar Selatan district has the largest urban green space cover, with 14.19 km2 covered, or 50.27% of all the green space in Denpasar City. The majority of Denpasar is affected by UHI occurrences, except the northern region of North Denpasar and the southern region of South Denpasar. The maximum UHI level reaches 4-5°C, located on the east side of South Denpasar, especially in the Sanur coastal area. According to the spatial pattern study, the association between urban green space and SUHI only exists on the north side of Denpasar. The correlation between low-SUHI intensity clusters and high cover of green space is shown in the same area. However, the association between High-UHI intensity and low green space cover has not significantly happened. It indicated that other factors besides green space could affect the land surface temperature.

Keywords

Collaboration network of the authors

16 authors · 32 co-authorship links

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  • Universitas Gadjah Mada
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Co-authorOrganisationJoint articles
Setyawan PurnamaAffiliation unknown2
Rika HariniAffiliation unknown1
Emilya NurjaniAffiliation unknown1
Andi Syahid MuttaqinAffiliation unknown1
Mulia NasutionAffiliation unknown1
Sri Juari SantosaAffiliation unknown1
Dian Hudawan SantosoAffiliation unknown1
Ahmad CahyadiAffiliation unknown1
Indra Agus RiyantoAffiliation unknown1
Erik FebriartaAffiliation unknown1
Anugrah Jorgi FirmansyahAffiliation unknown1
Muhammad Anggri SetiawanAffiliation unknown1
Muthia Ratna FauziahAffiliation unknown1

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.unhas.ac.id/index.php/fs/oai, first harvested 5 Nov 2026, last seen 8 Nov 2026.
Original metadata (oai_dc)
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en">Urban Green Space Analysis and its Effect on the Surface Urban Heat Island Phenomenon in Denpasar City, Bali</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Wirayuda, I Kade Alfian Kusuma</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Widayani, Prima</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Sekaranom, Andung Bayu </dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Urban green spaces</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Urban heat island</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Remote sensing </dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Spatial analysis</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Spatial autocorrelation</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">The Urbanization process in Indonesia’s big cities causes adverse environmental impacts such as climate change and land cover change. Urban climate change causes the warming of urban areas compared to rural areas; it is called Urban Heat Island phenomenon. Loss of vegetation due to urban development is one of several causes that contribute to urban heat islands. This study examines the availability of green spaces and their effects on the surface urban heat island in Denpasar city. This study used the spatial approach for Urban Green space mapping with digitizing methods. Landsat 8's thermal band is used for land surface temperature mapping and to conduct a spatial pattern analysis of the SUHI phenomena. The Global Moran’s Index and Local Indicator of Spatial Association (LISA) were used to determine the correlation between urban green space and SUHI. The study result shows that Denpasar City's urban green space area covers 28.22 km2. That's equal to 22.1% of the Denpasar City Administrative area. Denpasar Selatan district has the largest urban green space cover, with 14.19 km2 covered, or 50.27% of all the green space in Denpasar City. The majority of Denpasar is affected by UHI occurrences, except the northern region of North Denpasar and the southern region of South Denpasar. The maximum UHI level reaches 4-5°C, located on the east side of South Denpasar, especially in the Sanur coastal area. According to the spatial pattern study, the association between urban green space and SUHI only exists on the north side of Denpasar. The correlation between low-SUHI intensity clusters and high cover of green space is shown in the same area. However, the association between High-UHI intensity and low green space cover has not significantly happened. It indicated that other factors besides green space could affect the land surface temperature.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Forestry Faculty, Universitas Hasanuddin</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2023-04-04</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.unhas.ac.id/index.php/fs/article/view/24526</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.24259/fs.v7i1.24526</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Forest and Society; Vol. 7 No. 1 (2023): APRIL; 150-168</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2549-4333</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2549-4724</dc:source>
	<dc:language>en</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.unhas.ac.id/index.php/fs/article/view/24526/9651</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2023 Forest and Society</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>