Melola Discovery

← Melola Discovery

Journal

EFFECT OF PREHEATING TEMPERATURE VARIATION ON MICROSTRUCTURE AND HARDNESS OF WELD OVERLAY CLADDING OF SS400 CARBON STEEL BY SMAW METHOD

Jurnal Pendidikan Teknik Mesin · Vol. 24 No. 02 (2024) · pp. 6–15

DOI
10.15294/eyamkr90
ISSN
2503-1759, 2503-1759
Published
2024-12-31
Publisher
Universitas Negeri Semarang
Language
eng

Abstract

SS400 carbon steel is a type of low carbon steel that has low surface hardness, wears easily, and is not resistant to impact. The application of cladding can reduce the risk of material failure due to the weakness of SS400 carbon steel. In this study, cladding was performed by SMAW method using HV-600 electrodes and a current of 115 A. This welding process causes heat to be concentrated in the melting area, resulting in uneven heating and cooling, so preheating is necessary. This study aims to evaluate the effect of preheating temperature variations of 200°C, 300°C, 400°C, and non-preheating on microstructure and hardness in the cladding process. Macro structural testing shows that the application of preheating can minimize the occurrence of welding defects, and an increase in preheating has an effect on increasing the depth of the HAZ in each specimen tested. Microstructure testing shows that the application of higher preheating will form more ductile phases in the base metal, diffusion layer, HAZ areas. The base metal area has pearlite and ferrite phases. The diffusion layer shows clear boundaries as a result of the diffusion process. The HAZ section forms a fine pearlite microstructure and coarse pearlite and ferrite phases. The weld metal layer is not affected by the preheating temperature used, there are martensite and ferrite phases. Hardness testing on 200oC preheating specimens has the highest hardness in the weld metal of 680.11 HV. Hardness in the diffusion layer, HAZ, and base metal which shows that an increase in preheating temperature affects the decrease in the hardness value of the specimen.

Keywords

Collaboration network of the authors

40 authors · 135 co-authorship links · showing the 40 most connected

Hover or tap a name to highlight its co-authors. Double-click to open the author's page.

  • University of Technology Malaysia
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Different organisations
  • Same organisation
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Thicker line = more joint articles · bigger circle = more articles
Show as table
Co-authorOrganisationJoint articles
Fajar Perdana NurullahAffiliation unknown10
Farid Nanda SyanurAffiliation unknown6
Dzikrina Salsabila YasminAffiliation unknown6
Muhamad Fatikul ArifAffiliation unknown5
Imam PrabowoAffiliation unknown4
Didik SupriyadiAffiliation unknown3
Rico Aditia PrahmanaAffiliation unknown3
Devia Gahana Cindi AlfianAffiliation unknown3
M. Farhan SidikAffiliation unknown3
Rizky SaputraAffiliation unknown3
Gilang Putra WibawaAffiliation unknown3
Muhammad SyaukaniAffiliation unknown3
KhodraniAffiliation unknown3
Sena MaulanaAffiliation unknown3
Dicky J. SilitongaAffiliation unknown2
Fajri KurniawanUniversity of Technology Malaysia2
Akhmad NurdinAffiliation unknown2
Iqbal Zulfikar Alief UtamaAffiliation unknown2
Bagus Angger PrasetiyoAffiliation unknown2
Rosyidi HidayatAffiliation unknown2
Putty YunestiAffiliation unknown2
Riyan FerdiyantoAffiliation unknown2
Wahyu S. SipahutarAffiliation unknown2
Indah PuspitasariAffiliation unknown1
Puji BasukiAffiliation unknown1
Kuncoro DiharjoAffiliation unknown1
Devia G. C. AlfianAffiliation unknown1
Dicky Januarizky SilitongaAffiliation unknown1
Guna Bangun PersadaAffiliation unknown1
Setiadi Wira BuanaAffiliation unknown1
Andi Rahadiyan WijayaAffiliation unknown1
I Gusti Bagus Budi DharmaAffiliation unknown1
Arysca Wisnu SatriaAffiliation unknown1
Hida Arliani Nur AnisaAffiliation unknown1
Dika Ariyanto AriyantoAffiliation unknown1

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/JPTM/oai, first harvested 5 Nov 2026, last seen 8 Nov 2026.
Original metadata (oai_dc) 
<oai_dc:dc xmlns="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/  http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
	<dc:title xml:lang="en">EFFECT OF PREHEATING TEMPERATURE VARIATION ON MICROSTRUCTURE AND HARDNESS OF WELD OVERLAY CLADDING OF SS400 CARBON STEEL BY SMAW METHOD</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">paundra, fajar</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Rajagukguk, Kardo </dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Aldyansyah, Dimas </dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Pujiyulianto, Eko </dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Muhyi, Abdul </dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">SS400 Carbon Steel</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Cladding</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Microstructure</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Hardness</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">SS400 carbon steel is a type of low carbon steel that has low surface hardness, wears easily, and is not resistant to impact. The application of cladding can reduce the risk of material failure due to the weakness of SS400 carbon steel. In this study, cladding was performed by SMAW method using HV-600 electrodes and a current of 115 A. This welding process causes heat to be concentrated in the melting area, resulting in uneven heating and cooling, so preheating is necessary. This study aims to evaluate the effect of preheating temperature variations of 200°C, 300°C, 400°C, and non-preheating on microstructure and hardness in the cladding process. Macro structural testing shows that the application of preheating can minimize the occurrence of welding defects, and an increase in preheating has an effect on increasing the depth of the HAZ in each specimen tested.  Microstructure testing shows that the application of higher preheating will form more ductile phases in the base metal, diffusion layer, HAZ areas. The base metal area has pearlite and ferrite phases. The diffusion layer shows clear boundaries as a result of the diffusion process. The HAZ section forms a fine pearlite microstructure and coarse pearlite and ferrite phases. The weld metal layer is not affected by the preheating temperature used, there are martensite and ferrite phases. Hardness testing on 200oC preheating specimens has the highest hardness in the weld metal of 680.11 HV. Hardness in the diffusion layer, HAZ, and base metal which shows that an increase in preheating temperature affects the decrease in the hardness value of the specimen.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Universitas Negeri Semarang</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2024-12-31</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:type xml:lang="en">Peer-reviewed Article</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/JPTM/article/view/10146</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.15294/eyamkr90</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Jurnal Pendidikan Teknik Mesin; Vol. 24 No. 02 (2024): December 2024; 6 - 15</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2503-1759</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2503-1759</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.15294/ctwjb055</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/JPTM/article/view/10146/2477</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2024 Jurnal Pendidikan Teknik Mesin</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>