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Biomechanical Evaluation of Implant Angulation on the First Mandibular Premolar: A 3D Finite Element Study

Jurnal Pendidikan Teknik Mesin · Vol. 26 No. 01 (2026) · pp. 32–44

DOI
10.15294/jptm.v26i01.29780
ISSN
2503-1759, 2503-1759
Published
2026-08-10
Publisher
Universitas Negeri Semarang
Language
eng

Abstract

The design and orientation of dental implant connections play a critical role in biomechanical success, particularly in the posterior mandibular region, which is subjected to high occlusal loads. This study aims to evaluate the effect of varying abutment angulations (0°, 15°, and 25°) on stress distribution, strain, and safety factor in a reverse-buttress implant system using the Finite Element Analysis (FEA) approach. A 3D implant model was simulated within an idealized bone block using ANSYS software, applying a physiological static load of 240 N. The results showed that increasing abutment angulation significantly elevated both maximum stress and strain, particularly in the screw component, which experienced a peak stress of 455.89 MPa at 15°. The safety factor, calculated based on the yield strength of titanium grade 5 (880 MPa), decreased from 14.18 (0° abutment) to 2.94 (25° abutment). Although all configurations remained within safe limits (>1.5), the axial (0°) configuration demonstrated the most stable load distribution and the highest safety margin. This study underscores the importance of considering abutment angulation in implant planning and supports the use of safety factor–based FEA as a predictive tool for assessing implant structural safety.

Keywords

Collaboration network of the authors

40 authors · 153 co-authorship links · 1 across different organisations · showing the 40 most connected

Hover or tap a name to highlight its co-authors. Double-click to open the author's page.

  • Cenderawasih University
  • State University of Semarang
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Different organisations
  • Same organisation
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Thicker line = more joint articles · bigger circle = more articles
Show as table
Co-authorOrganisationJoint articles
Febri Budi DarsonoAffiliation unknown9
JamariAffiliation unknown8
Khoirul HudaCenderawasih University7
DhiaulhaqueAffiliation unknown6
Ruben Bayu KristiawanAffiliation unknown5
Wirawan SumbodoAffiliation unknown4
Mohd Syahmi JamaludinAffiliation unknown4
Fadhil Putra RamadhanAffiliation unknown4
Kaleb PriyantoAffiliation unknown4
Rachael AndikaAffiliation unknown4
Beni Aji SubektiAffiliation unknown4
Muhammad Iqbal RamadhaniAffiliation unknown4
Muhammad KhumaediAffiliation unknown3
Deni Fajar FitriyanaAffiliation unknown3
Rifky IsmailAffiliation unknown3
Rusiyanto RusiyantoAffiliation unknown2
Heri YudionoAffiliation unknown2
gunagung syahrul nizam sulkanAffiliation unknown2
Fatkhu AmanullohAffiliation unknown2
Rizki SetiadiAffiliation unknown2
Januar Parlaungan SiregarAffiliation unknown2
Khoirudin FathoniState University of Semarang1
AbdurrahmanAffiliation unknown1
MUHAMMAD NUR FAIZINAffiliation unknown1
Atta Putra HarjantoAffiliation unknown1
R. Imanu Danar HerunandiAffiliation unknown1
R. Ambar Kuntoro Mursit GendroyonoAffiliation unknown1
Nugroho Fajar SusantoAffiliation unknown1
Muhammad Wifaqurrokhman AbdissalamAffiliation unknown1
Ari Dwi Nur Indriawan MusyonoAffiliation unknown1
Muhamad Reza Wahyu PrasetyoAffiliation unknown1
Tegar Oki PrasdikaAffiliation unknown1
Imam Fitrah HadiAffiliation unknown1
Prastiyo prasAffiliation unknown1

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/JPTM/oai, first harvested 5 Nov 2026, last seen 8 Nov 2026.
Original metadata (oai_dc) 
<oai_dc:dc xmlns="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/  http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
	<dc:title xml:lang="en">Biomechanical Evaluation of Implant Angulation on the First Mandibular Premolar: A 3D Finite Element Study</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Rachman Rizaldy, Andrean</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Kriswanto</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Septian Eko Cahyanto</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Rahmat Doni Widodo</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">J. Jamari</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Athanasius Priharyoto Bayuseno</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Dental implant </dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">abutment angulation </dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">finite element analysis</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">safety factor</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Ti–6Al–4V</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">mandibular premolar</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">The design and orientation of dental implant connections play a critical role in biomechanical success, particularly in the posterior mandibular region, which is subjected to high occlusal loads. This study aims to evaluate the effect of varying abutment angulations (0°, 15°, and 25°) on stress distribution, strain, and safety factor in a reverse-buttress implant system using the Finite Element Analysis (FEA) approach. A 3D implant model was simulated within an idealized bone block using ANSYS software, applying a physiological static load of 240 N. The results showed that increasing abutment angulation significantly elevated both maximum stress and strain, particularly in the screw component, which experienced a peak stress of 455.89 MPa at 15°. The safety factor, calculated based on the yield strength of titanium grade 5 (880 MPa), decreased from 14.18 (0° abutment) to 2.94 (25° abutment). Although all configurations remained within safe limits (&amp;gt;1.5), the axial (0°) configuration demonstrated the most stable load distribution and the highest safety margin. This study underscores the importance of considering abutment angulation in implant planning and supports the use of safety factor–based FEA as a predictive tool for assessing implant structural safety.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Universitas Negeri Semarang</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2026-08-10</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:type xml:lang="en">Peer-reviewed Article</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/JPTM/article/view/29780</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.15294/jptm.v26i01.29780</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Jurnal Pendidikan Teknik Mesin; Vol. 26 No. 01 (2026): June 2026 "Special issues for finite element analysis"; 32 - 44</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2503-1759</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2503-1759</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.15294/jptm.v26i01</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/JPTM/article/view/29780/11030</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2026 Jurnal Pendidikan Teknik Mesin</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>