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ANALYSIS OF MECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF TOOTH BUCKET EXCAVATOR BASED ON DIFFERENT GRADE LEVELS

Jurnal Pendidikan Teknik Mesin · Vol. 25 No. 02 (2026) · pp. 7–11

DOI
10.15294/jptm.v25i02.33074
ISSN
2503-1759, 2503-1759
Published
2026-01-12
Publisher
Universitas Negeri Semarang
Language
eng

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to comprehend the microstructure and hardness value of three distinct tooth bucket manufacturers. Three manufacturers' excavator tooth buckets—Canada Grade, China Grade A, and China Grade C—are compared for their mechanical characteristics. Among the tests are the Vickers method for measuring hardness, optical microscopy for examining microstructure, and chemical composition analysis. According to the results, the primary elements in all three specimens—carbon, silicon, manganese, and chromium—meet the DIN Grade 25CrMo4 standard. The martensite phase, which gives the Canada product its hardness and resistance to deformation, dominates its microstructure. The China Grade C product, on the other hand, has a more prominent ferrite phase, which raises ductility while decreasing hardness. China Grade C (570.24 HVN) had the highest hardness test value, followed by China Grade A (517.67 HVN) and Canada (468.09 HVN). This demonstrates that while Canada excels at withstanding heavy loads without damage, China Grade C is better suited for applications needing high wear resistance. Users of heavy machinery can use this study as a scientific guide when choosing bucket nails based on operational requirements, including material toughness and wear.

Keywords

Collaboration network of the authors

40 authors · 133 co-authorship links · 4 across different organisations · showing the 40 most connected

Hover or tap a name to highlight its co-authors. Double-click to open the author's page.

  • University of Technology Malaysia
  • King Saud University
  • Lampung University
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Different organisations
  • Same organisation
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Thicker line = more joint articles · bigger circle = more articles
Show as table
Co-authorOrganisationJoint articles
Eko PujiyuliantoAffiliation unknown12
Kardo RajagukgukAffiliation unknown7
Fajar Perdana NurullahAffiliation unknown6
Farid Nanda SyanurAffiliation unknown4
Mohd Shafry Mohd RahimUniversity of Technology Malaysia3
Didik SupriyadiAffiliation unknown3
Rico Aditia PrahmanaAffiliation unknown3
Devia Gahana Cindi AlfianAffiliation unknown3
Muhamad Fatikul ArifAffiliation unknown3
Imam PrabowoAffiliation unknown3
Mohammed Sayim KhalilKing Saud University2
Muhammad Khurram KhanKing Saud University2
Dicky J. SilitongaAffiliation unknown2
M. Farhan SidikAffiliation unknown2
Rizky SaputraAffiliation unknown2
Dimas AldyansyahAffiliation unknown2
Gilang Putra WibawaAffiliation unknown2
Muhammad SyaukaniAffiliation unknown2
Putty YunestiAffiliation unknown2
Ni'matus SholihahUniversity of Technology Malaysia1
Akmal RakhmadiUniversity of Technology Malaysia1
Dzulkifli MohamadUniversity of Technology Malaysia1
Iqbal ZulfikarAffiliation unknown1
Angger Bagus PrasetiyoAffiliation unknown1
Bambang IrawanLampung University1
Indah PuspitasariAffiliation unknown1
Puji BasukiAffiliation unknown1
Kuncoro DiharjoAffiliation unknown1
KhodraniAffiliation unknown1
Sena MaulanaAffiliation unknown1
Devia G. C. AlfianAffiliation unknown1
Dicky Januarizky SilitongaAffiliation unknown1

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/JPTM/oai, first harvested 5 Nov 2026, last seen 5 Nov 2026.
Original metadata (oai_dc) 
<oai_dc:dc xmlns="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/  http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
	<dc:title xml:lang="en">ANALYSIS OF MECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF TOOTH BUCKET EXCAVATOR BASED ON DIFFERENT GRADE LEVELS</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">nurdin, akhmad</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Zulfikar Alief Utama, Iqbal </dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Angger Prasetiyo, Bagus </dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Hidayat, Rosyidi </dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Paundra, Fajar </dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Kurniawan, Fajri </dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Yasmin, Dzikrina Salsabila </dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Muhyi, Abdul </dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">tooth bucket, vickers hardness, microstructure, martensite phase, ferrite phase.</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">The purpose of this study is to comprehend the microstructure and hardness value of three distinct tooth bucket manufacturers. Three manufacturers' excavator tooth buckets—Canada Grade, China Grade A, and China Grade C—are compared for their mechanical characteristics. Among the tests are the Vickers method for measuring hardness, optical microscopy for examining microstructure, and chemical composition analysis. According to the results, the primary elements in all three specimens—carbon, silicon, manganese, and chromium—meet the DIN Grade 25CrMo4 standard. The martensite phase, which gives the Canada product its hardness and resistance to deformation, dominates its microstructure. The China Grade C product, on the other hand, has a more prominent ferrite phase, which raises ductility while decreasing hardness. China Grade C (570.24 HVN) had the highest hardness test value, followed by China Grade A (517.67 HVN) and Canada (468.09 HVN). This demonstrates that while Canada excels at withstanding heavy loads without damage, China Grade C is better suited for applications needing high wear resistance. Users of heavy machinery can use this study as a scientific guide when choosing bucket nails based on operational requirements, including material toughness and wear.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Universitas Negeri Semarang</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2026-01-12</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:type xml:lang="en">Peer-reviewed Article</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/JPTM/article/view/33074</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.15294/jptm.v25i02.33074</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Jurnal Pendidikan Teknik Mesin; Vol. 25 No. 02 (2025): December 2025 ; 7-11</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2503-1759</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2503-1759</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.15294/jptm.v25i02</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/JPTM/article/view/33074/8118</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2026 Jurnal Pendidikan Teknik Mesin</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>