Journal
Formulation and Antibacterial Activity of Gel Mask Based on Wild Honeybees (Apis dorsata) Honey Nanoparticles Againts Propionibacterium acnes
Journal of Science and Technology Research for Pharmacy · Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026) · pp. 33–40
- ISSN
- 2776-0685
- Published
- 2026-09-10
- Publisher
- Universitas Negeri Semarang
- Language
- eng
Abstract
Acne is a skin condition caused by the bacterium Propionibacterium acnes. Honey from the Asian honeybee (Apis dorsata) is known to possess antibacterial activity that can be enhanced through nanoparticle technology. This study aims to determine the antibacterial activity of Asian honeybee honey and honey nanoparticles against Propionibacterium acnes, the characteristics of the nanoparticles, and the antibacterial activity of a honey nanoparticle-based gel mask in inhibiting the growth of Propionibacterium acnes. Honey nanoparticles were prepared using the ionic gelation method with chitosan and sodium tripolyphosphate (Na-TPP), then formulated into a gel mask at concentrations of 25%, 35%, and 45%. Antibacterial activity was determined through Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) testing, while nanoparticle characterization included particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), and zeta potential. The results showed that wild forest honey had an MIC of 25% and an MBC of 50%, while the honey nanoparticles had an MIC of 6.25% and an MBC of 12.5%. The resulting nanoparticles had a particle size of 137.37 nm, a PDI value of 0.329, and a zeta potential of +32.73 mV. The evaluation results showed that all formulations met the physical requirements for the preparation, with formulation F3 (45%) exhibiting the best antibacterial activity against Propionibacterium acnes. Wild bee honey nanoparticles exhibit higher antibacterial activity than wild bee honey. The increased antibacterial activity of the honey nanoparticles is thought to be due to their smaller particle size, which enhances the penetration of bioactive compounds and the interaction of chitosan amino groups with bacterial cell membranes. Based on these results, wild bee honey nanoparticles formulated into a gel mask have the potential to serve as a topical preparation with antibacterial activity against Propionibacterium acnes.
Keywords
Collaboration network of the authors
31 authors · 51 co-authorship links
Hover or tap a name to highlight its co-authors. Double-click to open the author's page.
- Institut Agama Islam Negeri Kendari
- State University of Semarang
- Affiliation unknown
- Different organisations
- Same organisation
- Affiliation unknown
- Thicker line = more joint articles · bigger circle = more articles
Show as table
| Co-author | Organisation | Joint articles |
|---|---|---|
| Bertakalswa Hermawati | Affiliation unknown | 3 |
| Jayanti Evananda Febrian | Affiliation unknown | 2 |
| Yunita Dyah Puspita Santik | Affiliation unknown | 2 |
| Fitri Indrawati | Affiliation unknown | 2 |
| Anisa Fitri | Institut Agama Islam Negeri Kendari | 2 |
| Arvia Dhitya Maharhani | Affiliation unknown | 2 |
| Devita Uzlah Sibarani | Affiliation unknown | 1 |
| Sherly Gusnawan | Affiliation unknown | 1 |
| Hermi Nur Laela | Affiliation unknown | 1 |
| Arum Siwiendrayanti | State University of Semarang | 1 |
| Fitriana Puspitarani | Affiliation unknown | 1 |
| Isnaningsih Isnaningsih | Affiliation unknown | 1 |
| Fitriyana Fitriyana | Affiliation unknown | 1 |
| Rudatin Windraswara | Affiliation unknown | 1 |
| Annisa Arum Kartika Dewi | Affiliation unknown | 1 |
| Atiya Inayah | Affiliation unknown | 1 |
| Siti Yuliana Syafriati | Affiliation unknown | 1 |
| Nila Kusumawati | Affiliation unknown | 1 |
| Aswi Nur Syahbani | Affiliation unknown | 1 |
| Ragil Andriani | Affiliation unknown | 1 |
| Isnaini Alfazcha Zukhruf | Affiliation unknown | 1 |
| Azizah Nur Abdillah | Affiliation unknown | 1 |
| Afifah Maulidia Az Zahro' | Affiliation unknown | 1 |
| Dela Putri Wulandari | Affiliation unknown | 1 |
| Nanda Putri Dewanti | Affiliation unknown | 1 |
| Siti Lailatin Nasifah | Affiliation unknown | 1 |
| Ella Wahyu Irawan | Affiliation unknown | 1 |
| Erna Zuliana Muanifah | Affiliation unknown | 1 |
| Intan Tasya Az Zahra | Affiliation unknown | 1 |
Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.