Inhibitory Effect of Aqueous Garlic (Allium sativum) Bulb Extract on Growth and Physiological Response Dynamics of Two Palm Species

Setiyanto, Afif Eka Rahma; Nashafi, Azizuddin Muhammad; Turhadi, Turhadi; Siswanto, Dian

doi:10.15294/biosaintifika.v17i2.22108

Journal

Inhibitory Effect of Aqueous Garlic (Allium sativum) Bulb Extract on Growth and Physiological Response Dynamics of Two Palm Species

Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education · Vol. 17 No. 2 (2025) · pp. 316–326

DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v17i2.22108
ISSN: 2338-7610, 2085-191X
Published: 2025-08-01
Publisher: Universitas Negeri Semarang
Language: eng

Abstract

The Merrill palm (Adonidia merrillii) and the Yellow palm (Dypsis lutescens) are hosts of various pests. Garlic (Allium sativum) phytochemicals are applied as a phytopesticide and affect the plant host as well. On the other hand, studies related to garlic phytochemicals' effect on these palms are limited. The present study was conducted to explore the effect of aqueous garlic bulb extract (AGBE) on the Merrill palm and the Yellow palm on those physiological dynamics and growth responses to apply the best concentration as a phytopesticide and observe the palm performance. AGBE is conducted by maceration and application by spraying. Variation AGBE concentrations were 12.5 g/100 mL, 25 g/100 mL, and 50 g/100 mL. The results revealed the profiles of the two palms were different, causing significant differences in growth, in which the Merrill palm was taller while Yellow palm greater leaf number increase; physiological response of two palms was not differing significantly on carbon dioxide concentration but differ significantly on stomatal opening percentage in 28 DAS (day after spraying) and chlorophyll content in 56 DAS; AGBE 25 g/100 mL suppress height increase significantly but leaf number increase not affected; AGBE did not influenced significantly on carbon dioxide, AGBE 50 g/100 mL significantly influenced on stomatal opening in 42 and 56 DAS but chlorophyll not significantly different, overall AGBE tend to inhibit all physiological response. This study concludes that AGBE concentrations in the current study are not recommended as a phytopesticide on both palms due to all concentrations generally inhibiting the growth and physiological response of these palms.

Keywords

Collaboration network of the authors

23 authors · 43 co-authorship links · 11 across different organisations

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University of Brawijaya
King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi
State University of Semarang
Universitas Trunodjoyo Madura
Affiliation unknown

Different organisations
Same organisation
Affiliation unknown
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Co-author	Organisation	Joint articles
Luchman Hakim	University of Brawijaya	2
Catur Retnaningdyah	University of Brawijaya	2
Muhammad Abdullah	State University of Semarang	1
Dewi Liesnoor Setyowati	State University of Semarang	1
Yunin Hidayati	Universitas Trunodjoyo Madura	1
Barlah Rumhayati	University of Brawijaya	1
Ghada Abd Elsattar Mohammed Oraby	University of Brawijaya	1
Fadillah Putra	University of Brawijaya	1
M. Halim Natsir	University of Brawijaya	1
Irfan Mustafa	University of Brawijaya	1
Idham Halil Zakaria	University of Brawijaya	1
Parinda Suksabye	Affiliation unknown	1
Paitip Thiravetyan	Affiliation unknown	1
Paitip Thiravetyan	King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi	1
Nobukazu Makagoshi	Affiliation unknown	1
Umi Sa'adah	University of Brawijaya	1
Estri Laras Arumingtyas	University of Brawijaya	1
Ainun Sayyidah Zakiyah	University of Brawijaya	1
Rosina Monica	University of Brawijaya	1

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/biosaintifika/oai, first harvested 5 Nov 2026, last seen 8 Nov 2026.

Original metadata (oai_dc)

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	<dc:title xml:lang="en">Inhibitory Effect of Aqueous Garlic (Allium sativum) Bulb Extract on Growth and Physiological Response Dynamics of Two Palm Species</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Setiyanto, Afif Eka Rahma</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Nashafi, Azizuddin Muhammad </dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Turhadi, Turhadi</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Siswanto, Dian</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">aqueous garlic bulb extract</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">growth</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">inhibitor</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">palms</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">physiology</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">The Merrill palm (Adonidia merrillii) and the Yellow palm (Dypsis lutescens) are hosts of various pests. Garlic (Allium sativum) phytochemicals are applied as a phytopesticide and affect the plant host as well. On the other hand, studies related to garlic phytochemicals' effect on these palms are limited.  The present study was conducted to explore the effect of aqueous garlic bulb extract (AGBE) on the Merrill palm and the Yellow palm on those physiological dynamics and growth responses to apply the best concentration as a phytopesticide and observe the palm performance. AGBE is conducted by maceration and application by spraying. Variation AGBE concentrations were 12.5 g/100 mL, 25 g/100 mL, and 50 g/100 mL. The results revealed the profiles of the two palms were different, causing significant differences in growth, in which the Merrill palm was taller while Yellow palm greater leaf number increase; physiological response of two palms was not differing significantly on carbon dioxide concentration but differ significantly on stomatal opening percentage in 28 DAS (day after spraying) and chlorophyll content in 56 DAS; AGBE 25 g/100 mL suppress height increase significantly but leaf number increase not affected; AGBE did not influenced significantly on carbon dioxide, AGBE 50 g/100 mL significantly influenced on stomatal opening in 42 and 56 DAS but chlorophyll not significantly different, overall AGBE tend to inhibit all physiological response. This study concludes that AGBE concentrations in the current study are not recommended as a phytopesticide on both palms due to all concentrations generally inhibiting the growth and physiological response of these palms.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Universitas Negeri Semarang</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2025-08-01</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:type xml:lang="en">Peer-reviewed Article</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/biosaintifika/article/view/22108</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.15294/biosaintifika.v17i2.22108</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology &amp; Biology Education; Vol. 17 No. 2 (2025): August 2025; 316-326</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2338-7610</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2085-191X</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.15294/biosaintifika.v17i2</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/biosaintifika/article/view/22108/5541</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2025 Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology &amp; Biology Education</dc:rights>
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