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Antibacterial Activity and Salinity Tolerance of Endophytic Bacteria Isolated from Marine Macroalgae

Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education · Vol. 18 No. 2 (2026) · pp. 371–380

DOI
10.15294/biosaintifika.v18i2.35980
ISSN
2338-7610, 2085-191X
Published
2026-08-20
Publisher
Universitas Negeri Semarang
Language
eng

Abstract

Marine organisms, especially macroalgae, are unique microhabitats for endophytic bacteria that have the potential to provide unique microhabitats for endophytic bacteria that can produce bioactive compounds with antimicrobial activity. However, the exploration of endophytic bacteria from marine macroalgae, especially those directly associated with host tissues, remains relatively limited. This study aims to isolate endophytic bacteria from various macroalgae and explore the antibacterial potential and salinity resistance of these endophytic isolates. This study aims to identify the potential isolates that produce antibacterial compounds at the molecular level. The antibacterial activity was qualitatively evaluated using the Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method. The salinity tolerance of the bacterial isolates was assessed by growing them on media with varying NaCl concentrations. Molecular identification of the isolates was performed through 16S rRNA gene amplification and sequence analysis. The results showed that isolate H3 had the highest antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtillis and Staphylococcus aureus, with inhibition zones of 28.9 + 2.3 mm and 26.2 + 4.36 mm, respectively. Isolate R1A showed the highest inhibitory activity on S. aureus and Escherichia coli, with inhibition zones of 25 + 1.08 mm and 35 + 2.9 mm. Salinity resistance test results showed that isolate R1A was able to grow well at a 10% (w/v) NaCl concentration. Molecular identification results with 16S rRNA gene analysis showed that isolate H3 has similarities with the species Lysinibacillus fusiformis, isolate R1A has similarities with Bacillus mojavensis, and R2C has similarities with Bacillus stercosis. This study suggests that endophytic bacteria from macroalgae represent promising and sustainable sources of novel antibacterial agents for pathogen control in high-salinity aquaculture systems. This study aligns with SDG 3 and SDG 14 by supporting human health initiatives and the sustainable utilization of marine biodiversity.

Keywords

Collaboration network of the authors

30 authors · 106 co-authorship links · 1 across different organisations

Hover or tap a name to highlight its co-authors. Double-click to open the author's page.

  • Hasanuddin University
  • Sebelas Maret University
  • IPB University
  • National Research and Innovation Agency
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Different organisations
  • Same organisation
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Thicker line = more joint articles · bigger circle = more articles
Show as table
Co-authorOrganisationJoint articles
Antonius SuwantoAffiliation unknown2
Slamet SantosaHasanuddin University2
Harlita HarlitaAffiliation unknown2
Meti IndrowatiAffiliation unknown2
Qorisha Lutfia PramesellyAffiliation unknown1
Bowo SugihartoAffiliation unknown1
Sri DwiastutiSebelas Maret University1
Nuraini AnnisaAffiliation unknown1
LISTYA UTAMI KARMAWANAffiliation unknown1
Delia AgustinaAffiliation unknown1
Widyah BudinartaAffiliation unknown1
Anastasia Aliesa HermosaningtyasAffiliation unknown1
Muhammad Ghildan Arifudin RafifAffiliation unknown1
Cahya PrihatnaAffiliation unknown1
Aris Tri WahyudiIPB University1
Anja MeryandiniAffiliation unknown1
Abdjad Asih NawangsihAffiliation unknown1
Yulin LestariAffiliation unknown1
Dewi Puspita SariAffiliation unknown1
Sri Martina WiraswatiAffiliation unknown1
Vera PermatasariNational Research and Innovation Agency1
Indri YatiAffiliation unknown1
Gian PrimahanaAffiliation unknown1
Anggie Meilinda ZienithaAffiliation unknown1
Meisi AnggrainiAffiliation unknown1
Lisa RositaAffiliation unknown1
Muhamad Eka PrastyaAffiliation unknown1

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/biosaintifika/oai, first harvested 5 Nov 2026, last seen 8 Nov 2026.
Original metadata (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en">Antibacterial Activity and Salinity Tolerance of Endophytic Bacteria Isolated from Marine Macroalgae</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Fatmawati, Umi</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Faturrahim, Muhammad Ilham</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Purnamasari, Maria Indah </dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">endophytes</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">macroalgae</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">antibacterial</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">salinity</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">Marine organisms, especially macroalgae, are unique microhabitats for endophytic bacteria that have the potential to provide unique microhabitats for endophytic bacteria that can produce bioactive compounds with antimicrobial activity.  However, the exploration of endophytic bacteria from marine macroalgae, especially those directly associated with host tissues, remains relatively limited. This study aims to isolate endophytic bacteria from various macroalgae and explore the antibacterial potential and salinity resistance of these endophytic isolates. This study aims to identify the potential isolates that produce antibacterial compounds at the molecular level. The antibacterial activity was qualitatively evaluated using the Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method. The salinity tolerance of the bacterial isolates was assessed by growing them on media with varying NaCl concentrations. Molecular identification of the isolates was performed through 16S rRNA gene amplification and sequence analysis. The results showed that isolate H3 had the highest antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtillis and Staphylococcus aureus, with inhibition zones of 28.9 + 2.3 mm and 26.2 + 4.36 mm, respectively. Isolate R1A showed the highest inhibitory activity on S. aureus and Escherichia coli, with inhibition zones of 25 + 1.08 mm and 35 + 2.9 mm. Salinity resistance test results showed that isolate R1A was able to grow well at a 10% (w/v) NaCl concentration. Molecular identification results with 16S rRNA gene analysis showed that isolate H3 has similarities with the species Lysinibacillus fusiformis, isolate R1A has similarities with Bacillus mojavensis, and R2C has similarities with Bacillus stercosis. This study suggests that endophytic bacteria from macroalgae represent promising and sustainable sources of novel antibacterial agents for pathogen control in high-salinity aquaculture systems. This study aligns with SDG 3 and SDG 14 by supporting human health initiatives and the sustainable utilization of marine biodiversity.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Universitas Negeri Semarang</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2026-08-20</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:type xml:lang="en">Peer-reviewed Article</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/biosaintifika/article/view/35980</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.15294/biosaintifika.v18i2.35980</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology &amp; Biology Education; Vol. 18 No. 2 (2026): August 2026; 371-380</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2338-7610</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2085-191X</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.15294/biosaintifika.v18i2</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/biosaintifika/article/view/35980/11242</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2026 Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology &amp; Biology Education</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>