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Legislative, Rehabilitative, and Educational Approaches in Counter-Terrorism: A Theoretical and Comparative Review: Pendekatan Legislatif, Rehabilitatif, dan Pendidikan dalam Pemberantasan Terorisme: Tinjauan Teoretis dan Komparatif

Indonesian Journal of Counter Terrorism and National Security · Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025) · pp. 309–336

DOI
10.15294/ijctns.v4i2.28710
ISSN
2829-890X, 2829-9027
Published
2025-12-30
Publisher
Universitas Negeri Semarang
Language
eng
License
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

Abstract

This paper examines the integrative potential of legislative, rehabilitative, and educational strategies in Malaysia’s counter-terrorism policy, particularly within the framework of Preventing and Countering Violent Extremism (PCVE). The main problem addressed is the fragmented implementation of these three pillars, which often operate in isolation despite their complementary roles. The objective of this study is to analyze how these strategies interact, and to assess the extent to which Malaysia’s PCVE framework aligns with integrative models applied in other regions, such as South Asia and Latin America. Employing a qualitative literature-based method, the study draws from official policy documents, academic research, and comparative analysis to explore institutional strengths, implementation gaps, and strategic opportunities. The findings show that while Malaysia has developed a comprehensive legal and institutional infrastructure, coordination among state actors and involvement of civil society remain limited. The comparison reveals that inclusive governance and cross-sector collaboration significantly enhance the effectiveness of counter-terrorism efforts. The paper concludes that Malaysia’s PCVE strategy would benefit from a more interconnected approach that emphasizes transparency, participatory frameworks, and education-driven resilience. These insights offer valuable contributions to the refinement of Malaysia’s national security strategy and provide broader implications for sustainable and rights-based counter-terrorism policies globally

Keywords

Collaboration network of the authors

9 authors · 20 co-authorship links

Hover or tap a name to highlight its co-authors. Double-click to open the author's page.

  • Universitas Halu Oleo
  • Universitas Ahmad Dahlan
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Different organisations
  • Same organisation
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Thicker line = more joint articles · bigger circle = more articles
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Co-authorOrganisationJoint articles
Herlina HerlinaUniversitas Halu Oleo1
Mega Fitri HertiniAffiliation unknown1
Sri IsmawatiAffiliation unknown1
Lolita LolitaAffiliation unknown1
HERMAN HERMANUniversitas Ahmad Dahlan1
Moh. FadhilAffiliation unknown1
Ivan WagnerAffiliation unknown1
Subandri SimbolonAffiliation unknown1

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/counterterrorism/oai, first harvested 5 Nov 2026, last seen 8 Nov 2026.
Original metadata (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en">Legislative, Rehabilitative, and Educational Approaches in Counter-Terrorism: A Theoretical and Comparative Review: Pendekatan Legislatif, Rehabilitatif, dan Pendidikan dalam Pemberantasan Terorisme: Tinjauan Teoretis dan Komparatif</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Harefa, Safaruddin</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Counter-terrorism</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Legislative approach</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Rehabilitative strategy</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Educational intervention</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Deradicalization</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">This paper examines the integrative potential of legislative, rehabilitative, and educational strategies in Malaysia’s counter-terrorism policy, particularly within the framework of Preventing and Countering Violent Extremism (PCVE). The main problem addressed is the fragmented implementation of these three pillars, which often operate in isolation despite their complementary roles. The objective of this study is to analyze how these strategies interact, and to assess the extent to which Malaysia’s PCVE framework aligns with integrative models applied in other regions, such as South Asia and Latin America. Employing a qualitative literature-based method, the study draws from official policy documents, academic research, and comparative analysis to explore institutional strengths, implementation gaps, and strategic opportunities. The findings show that while Malaysia has developed a comprehensive legal and institutional infrastructure, coordination among state actors and involvement of civil society remain limited. The comparison reveals that inclusive governance and cross-sector collaboration significantly enhance the effectiveness of counter-terrorism efforts. The paper concludes that Malaysia’s PCVE strategy would benefit from a more interconnected approach that emphasizes transparency, participatory frameworks, and education-driven resilience. These insights offer valuable contributions to the refinement of Malaysia’s national security strategy and provide broader implications for sustainable and rights-based counter-terrorism policies globally</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Universitas Negeri Semarang</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2025-12-30</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/counterterrorism/article/view/28710</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.15294/ijctns.v4i2.28710</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Indonesian Journal of Counter Terrorism and National Security; Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025): July-December, 2025; 309-336</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2829-890X</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2829-9027</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.15294/ijctns.v4i2</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/counterterrorism/article/view/28710/10640</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2025 Indonesian Journal of Counter Terrorism and National Security</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>