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The Legal–Security Paradox of Green Extractivism: A Green Criminology Inquiry into Corporate Roles and Counterterrorism Implications in Indonesia: Paradoks Hukum-Keamanan dalam Ekstraktivisme Hijau: Kajian Kriminologi Hijau mengenai Peran Korporasi dan Implikasinya terhadap Pemberantasan Terorisme di Indonesia
Indonesian Journal of Counter Terrorism and National Security · Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026) · pp. 109–152
- ISSN
- 2829-890X, 2829-9027
- Published
- 2026-06-29
- Publisher
- Universitas Negeri Semarang
- Language
- eng
Abstract
This article critically examines the structural incapacity of Indonesian law to anticipate and regulate the transformation of natural resource exploitation into vectors of national security risk. Operating within the normative-doctrinal tradition, the study adopts statute, conceptual, and case-based legal approaches to interrogate the triadic relationship between corporate actors, ecological destruction, and political violence. The central argument advanced is that Indonesian law sustains a paradox: it simultaneously authorises resource extraction as a developmental imperative while failing to acknowledge that extractivism generates structural grievances which may radicalise affected communities, thereby constituting a pre-terrorism environment. Green criminology serves as the analytical framework, augmented by ecological justice theory, Rawlsian distributive philosophy, and Critical Legal Studies. Doctrinal analysis reveals that the Mineral and Coal Mining Law (UU Minerba), the Environmental Protection and Management Law (UUPPLH), and the Anti-Terrorism Law (UU Terorisme) operate in regulatory silos, producing normative gaps through which corporations escape accountability for harms that transcend environmental categories and enter the domain of human-ecological security threats. Case analysis of PT. Kallista Alam, PT. Adei Plantation, and related litigation demonstrates that courts have yet to articulate a jurisprudential framework linking corporate environmental crime to security consequences. This article concludes by proposing a 'Green Security Law Framework' an integrated normative architecture reconciling environmental, security, and counterterrorism law as the prescriptive response to a legal deficit that renders the Indonesian state structurally complicit in its own security vulnerabilities.
Keywords
Collaboration network of the authors
27 authors · 74 co-authorship links
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- State University of Semarang
- Affiliation unknown
- Different organisations
- Same organisation
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- Thicker line = more joint articles · bigger circle = more articles
Show as table
| Co-author | Organisation | Joint articles |
|---|---|---|
| Cahya Wulandari | State University of Semarang | 2 |
| Dheni Anugerah Prasetya | Affiliation unknown | 2 |
| Ridwan Arifin | Affiliation unknown | 1 |
| R Benny Riyanto | Affiliation unknown | 1 |
| Nurul Fibrianti | Affiliation unknown | 1 |
| Karsinah Karsinah | Affiliation unknown | 1 |
| Bintang Rafli Ananta | Affiliation unknown | 1 |
| Zainurohmah Zainurohmah | Affiliation unknown | 1 |
| Galih Niken Anggoto Sulaksmi | Affiliation unknown | 1 |
| Muhammad Azil Maskur | Affiliation unknown | 1 |
| Aisyah Nur Rafidah | Affiliation unknown | 1 |
| Ali Masyhar Mursyid | Affiliation unknown | 1 |
| Safira Embun Insanidya | Affiliation unknown | 1 |
| Kayla Achri Salsabila | Affiliation unknown | 1 |
| Nafa Isma Nur Fattih | Affiliation unknown | 1 |
| Sulistyandari Sulistyandari | Affiliation unknown | 1 |
| Yayuk Whindari | Affiliation unknown | 1 |
| Maya Ruhtiani | Affiliation unknown | 1 |
| Hyun Kyung Park | Affiliation unknown | 1 |
| Agus Raharjo | Affiliation unknown | 1 |
| Hibnu Nugroho | Affiliation unknown | 1 |
| S Pratiwi Aminuddin | Affiliation unknown | 1 |
Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.