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Legal Certainty and Social Security: Two Main Pillars of the LLAJ Bill for the Future of Online Motorcycle Taxi Drivers

The Indonesian Journal of International Clinical Legal Education · Vol. 7 No. 4 (2026) · pp. 597–628

DOI
10.15294/ijicle.v7i4.38645
ISSN
2721-8368
Published
2026-01-30
Publisher
Universitas Negeri Semarang
Language
eng
License
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

Abstract

The era of digitalization has brought about significant transformation in Indonesia's transportation sector through the emergence of online motorcycle taxis (ojol). However, despite their significant contribution to the economy and employment, ojol drivers face two fundamental problems: the lack of legal certainty regarding their employment status and the lack of adequate social security. This study aims to analyze the extent to which the draft Law on Road Traffic and Transportation (RUU LLAJ) currently under discussion can address these two issues. Using normative legal research methods and a descriptive-analytical approach, this article analyzes primary and secondary legal materials through the lens of Gustav Radbruch's Theory of Legal Certainty and T.H. Marshall's Theory of the Welfare State. The results of the study show that the LLAJ Bill is projected to become a comprehensive legal umbrella to provide legal certainty for drivers and require platforms to provide social security. Thus, the LLAJ Bill is expected to become the foundation for the creation of a fair and sustainable digital transportation ecosystem in Indonesia.

Keywords

Collaboration network of the authors

40 authors · 123 co-authorship links · 1 across different organisations · showing the 40 most connected

Hover or tap a name to highlight its co-authors. Double-click to open the author's page.

  • State University of Semarang
  • Direktorat Jenderal Imigrasi
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Different organisations
  • Same organisation
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Thicker line = more joint articles · bigger circle = more articles
Show as table
Co-authorOrganisationJoint articles
Pujiono PujionoAffiliation unknown10
Yuli Prasetyo AdhiAffiliation unknown10
Slamet SumartoAffiliation unknown7
Saru ArifinAffiliation unknown7
MUHAMMAD SHIDQON PRABOWOAffiliation unknown6
Yuli Prasetyo AdhiAffiliation unknown5
Tegar Islami PutraAffiliation unknown4
Rini FidiyaniAffiliation unknown4
Mohammad Reza FachruddinAffiliation unknown4
Rahmawati Mohd. YusoffAffiliation unknown4
Natal KristionoAffiliation unknown3
Rodiyah RodiyahAffiliation unknown3
Dani MuhtadaAffiliation unknown3
Rahmawati Mohd YusoffAffiliation unknown3
Triska Rahmatul AiniAffiliation unknown2
Andry SetiawanAffiliation unknown2
Ivan Bhakti YudistiraAffiliation unknown2
Widiyanto WidiyantoAffiliation unknown2
Ristina YudhantiAffiliation unknown2
LAGA SUGIARTOAffiliation unknown2
Jafar SidikAffiliation unknown2
Asep RozaliAffiliation unknown2
Abraham AbrahamAffiliation unknown2
Windi AgustinAffiliation unknown2
Masyitha Aulia ArifaAffiliation unknown2
I Made Widia Wirya PutraAffiliation unknown2
Anis WidyawatiAffiliation unknown2
Gianefi SafitriDirektorat Jenderal Imigrasi1
Arif HidayatAffiliation unknown1
Arif HidayatAffiliation unknown1
Kun Retno HandayaniAffiliation unknown1
Indah Sri UtariAffiliation unknown1
Elyna Noor Dina NazlaAffiliation unknown1
Yurida Zakky UmamiAffiliation unknown1
Duhita Driyah SAffiliation unknown1

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/iccle/oai, first harvested 5 Nov 2026, last seen 5 Nov 2026.
Original metadata (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en">Legal Certainty and Social Security: Two Main Pillars of the LLAJ Bill for the Future of Online Motorcycle Taxi Drivers</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Martitah, Martitah</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Dewi Sulistianingsih</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Salsabila, Arini </dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Anggeraeni, Ayuk</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Fatmawati, Dewi</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Legal Certainty</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Social Security</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">LLAAJ Bill</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Online Motorcycle Taxi</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">The era of digitalization has brought about significant transformation in Indonesia's transportation sector through the emergence of online motorcycle taxis (ojol). However, despite their significant contribution to the economy and employment, ojol drivers face two fundamental problems: the lack of legal certainty regarding their employment status and the lack of adequate social security. This study aims to analyze the extent to which the draft Law on Road Traffic and Transportation (RUU LLAJ) currently under discussion can address these two issues. Using normative legal research methods and a descriptive-analytical approach, this article analyzes primary and secondary legal materials through the lens of Gustav Radbruch's Theory of Legal Certainty and T.H. Marshall's Theory of the Welfare State. The results of the study show that the LLAJ Bill is projected to become a comprehensive legal umbrella to provide legal certainty for drivers and require platforms to provide social security. Thus, the LLAJ Bill is expected to become the foundation for the creation of a fair and sustainable digital transportation ecosystem in Indonesia.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Universitas Negeri Semarang</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2026-01-30</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/iccle/article/view/38645</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.15294/ijicle.v7i4.38645</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">The Indonesian Journal of International Clinical Legal Education; Vol. 7 No. 4 (2025): December; 597-628</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2721-8368</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.15294/ijicle.v7i4</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/iccle/article/view/38645/8397</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2025 Prof. Dr. Martitah, M.Hum., Prof. Dr. Dewi Sulistianingsih, S.H., M.H., Arini  Salsabila, Ayuk Anggeraeni, Dewi Fatmawati (Author)</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>