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Beyond Confidentiality: Advocates’ Reporting Duties in the War Against Money Laundering

Indonesian Journal of Advocacy and Legal Services · Vol. 7 No. 1 (2025) · pp. 187–232

DOI
10.15294/ijals.v7i1.21893
ISSN
2686-2611, 2686-2085
Published
2025-07-20
Publisher
Universitas Negeri Semarang
Language
eng
License
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

Abstract

The Principle of Recognizing Service Users (Prinsip Mengenali Pengguna Jasa, PMPJ), as outlined in Article 3 of Government Regulation No. 61 of 2021 concerning Amendments to Government Regulation No. 43 of 2015 on Whistleblowers in the Prevention and Eradication of Money Laundering Crimes, underscores the role of advocates as mandatory whistleblowers. This creates legal challenges regarding its implementation, resulting in a dialectical tension with the central argument that while PMPJ obligations are firmly grounded in normative legal frameworks, advocates—who are explicitly required to uphold these provisions—find no compelling legal basis for such duties in Law No. 18 of 2003 on Advocates (the Advocate Law). The principle of Lex Superior Derogat Legi Inferior further complicates this issue, as it suggests that the Advocate Law, being of a higher legal order, supersedes the obligations imposed by PMPJ. The primary objective of this study is to critically analyze the implementation of PMPJ, specifically focusing on the supporting and inhibiting factors in the context of preventing and combating money laundering crimes. The findings highlight that the failure to optimally implement PMPJ within the advocate profession is largely due to the unresolved legal dialectic surrounding the obligations of advocates. This issue has not been addressed in prior studies, representing a novel contribution of this research. Consequently, this study proposes the need for a reformulation of the Advocate Law, emphasizing the explicit inclusion of advocates' obligations regarding the implementation of PMPJ principles.

Keywords

Collaboration network of the authors

40 authors · 112 co-authorship links · 9 across different organisations · showing the 40 most connected

Hover or tap a name to highlight its co-authors. Double-click to open the author's page.

  • Islamic University of Riau
  • University of Newcastle Australia
  • Padjadjaran University
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Different organisations
  • Same organisation
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Thicker line = more joint articles · bigger circle = more articles
Show as table
Co-authorOrganisationJoint articles
Ridwan ArifinAffiliation unknown6
Admiral AdmiralAffiliation unknown4
Dodo Wiradana WiriatmaAffiliation unknown3
David HardiagoAffiliation unknown3
Yosia HetharieAffiliation unknown2
Isis IkhwansyahAffiliation unknown2
Muhamad AmirullohAffiliation unknown2
Suparto SupartoIslamic University of Riau2
Maisa MaisaAffiliation unknown2
Teguh Rama PrasjaAffiliation unknown2
Mohd Izzat Bin Mohd Abd ShukurAffiliation unknown2
Admiral AdmiralIslamic University of Riau1
Esy KurniasihIslamic University of Riau1
Selvi AfrianiIslamic University of Riau1
Fadhel Arjuna AdindaPadjadjaran University1
Surizki FebriantoAffiliation unknown1
Syafrinaldi SyafrinaldiAffiliation unknown1
Kim HyeonsooAffiliation unknown1
Uche NnawuleziAffiliation unknown1
Jacques KabanoAffiliation unknown1
Dorcas Adesola ThanniAffiliation unknown1
Mary-Ann Onoshoke AjayiAffiliation unknown1
Valentino Dinatra SoplantilaAffiliation unknown1
Padot Agustinus NaibahoAffiliation unknown1
Muhammad AmirullohAffiliation unknown1
Zainal MuttaqinAffiliation unknown1
R Benny RiyantoAffiliation unknown1
Gede Agung Patra WicaksanaAffiliation unknown1
Edward Omar Sharif HiariejAffiliation unknown1
Elisatris GultomAffiliation unknown1
Nathania Diva DavinaAffiliation unknown1
Astri Ayu PurwatiAffiliation unknown1
Zulfadli HamzahAffiliation unknown1
Achmad ZuhdiAffiliation unknown1

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/ijals/oai, first harvested 5 Nov 2026, last seen 8 Nov 2026.
Original metadata (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en">Beyond Confidentiality: Advocates’ Reporting Duties in the War Against Money Laundering</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Adinda, Fadhel Arjuna</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Rahmawati, Ema</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Suparman, Eman</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Sutiyoso, Bambang</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Hamzah, Rosyidi</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Woodward, John</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Principles of Recognizing Service Users</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Money Laundering Crimes</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Advocates</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">The Principle of Recognizing Service Users (Prinsip Mengenali Pengguna Jasa, PMPJ), as outlined in Article 3 of Government Regulation No. 61 of 2021 concerning Amendments to Government Regulation No. 43 of 2015 on Whistleblowers in the Prevention and Eradication of Money Laundering Crimes, underscores the role of advocates as mandatory whistleblowers. This creates legal challenges regarding its implementation, resulting in a dialectical tension with the central argument that while PMPJ obligations are firmly grounded in normative legal frameworks, advocates—who are explicitly required to uphold these provisions—find no compelling legal basis for such duties in Law No. 18 of 2003 on Advocates (the Advocate Law). The principle of Lex Superior Derogat Legi Inferior further complicates this issue, as it suggests that the Advocate Law, being of a higher legal order, supersedes the obligations imposed by PMPJ. The primary objective of this study is to critically analyze the implementation of PMPJ, specifically focusing on the supporting and inhibiting factors in the context of preventing and combating money laundering crimes. The findings highlight that the failure to optimally implement PMPJ within the advocate profession is largely due to the unresolved legal dialectic surrounding the obligations of advocates. This issue has not been addressed in prior studies, representing a novel contribution of this research. Consequently, this study proposes the need for a reformulation of the Advocate Law, emphasizing the explicit inclusion of advocates' obligations regarding the implementation of PMPJ principles.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Universitas Negeri Semarang</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2025-07-20</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/ijals/article/view/21893</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.15294/ijals.v7i1.21893</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Indonesian Journal of Advocacy and Legal Services; Vol. 7 No. 1 (2025): The Global Challenges on Advocacy and Law Enforcement; 187-232</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2686-2611</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2686-2085</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.15294/ijals.v7i1</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/ijals/article/view/21893/5019</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2025 Fadhel Arjuna Adinda, Ema Rahmawati, Eman Suparman, Bambang Sutiyoso, Rosydi Hamzah, John Woodward (Author)</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>