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Geographical Indications and Trademarks Protection: Empowering MSMEs Through Advocacy, Legal Services in Indonesia, Oman, Philippines

Indonesian Journal of Advocacy and Legal Services · Vol. 7 No. 2 (2025) · pp. 507–540

DOI
10.15294/ijals.v7i2.29961
ISSN
2686-2611, 2686-2085
Published
2025-09-22
Publisher
Universitas Negeri Semarang
Language
eng
License
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

Abstract

The protection of geographical indications (GIs) and trademarks represents a crucial instrument within intellectual property law, serving not only as a mechanism of legal protection but also as a means of economic empowerment, particularly for micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs). Nevertheless, the effectiveness of such protection is often constrained by limited access to legal services and advocacy. This study aims to analyze the ideal legal framework for the protection of GIs and trademarks in Indonesia, the Philippines, and Oman, emphasizing the importance of integrating legal services and advocacy to strengthen MSME empowerment. The research employs a normative juridical approach combined with comparative analysis, examining statutory provisions, institutional practices, and the legal cultures of each country. The findings reveal that the Philippines has developed a relatively ideal framework through the active role of the Intellectual Property Office of the Philippines (IPOPHL), which implements the IP Academy, Innovation and Technology Support Offices (ITSO), and the affirmative Juana Make a Mark initiative. By contrast, Indonesia and Oman continue to face challenges, as their regulatory structures remain heavily focused on administrative procedures without explicit provisions on legal advocacy. This study contributes by highlighting the necessity of embedding legal advocacy within substantive regulations and institutionalizing MSME support programs as a state obligation. It concludes that the protection of GIs and trademarks will be more effective if supported by structured and sustainable legal advocacy mechanisms. The key recommendation is for Indonesia and Oman to adopt the Philippines’ best practices, particularly the integration of advocacy and legal services into formal regulations, thereby strengthening MSME empowerment through the protection of geographical indications and trademarks.

Keywords

Collaboration network of the authors

40 authors · 118 co-authorship links · showing the 40 most connected

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  • Udayana University
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Co-authorOrganisationJoint articles
Putu Aras SamsithawratiAffiliation unknown9
Fradhana Putra DisantaraAffiliation unknown5
Ni Ketut Supasti DharmawanUdayana University3
Briggs Samuel Mawunyo NutakorAffiliation unknown2
Mac Thi Hoai ThuongAffiliation unknown2
Sergi Fernandez AlejandroAffiliation unknown2
Antonio Gutiérrez-PozoAffiliation unknown2
Princess Alyssa D. Tee-AnastacioAffiliation unknown2
Musallam Al AwaidAffiliation unknown2
Maia KapanadzeAffiliation unknown2
Jan Alizea SybelleAffiliation unknown2
R Benny RiyantoAffiliation unknown1
Nurul FibriantiAffiliation unknown1
Adnan Ibrahim SarhanAffiliation unknown1
Irawaty IrawatyAffiliation unknown1
Maisa MaisaAffiliation unknown1
Muh NafriAffiliation unknown1
Amriana AmriAffiliation unknown1
Ruetaitip ChansrakaeoAffiliation unknown1
Rodiyah RodiyahAffiliation unknown1
Asmarani RamliAffiliation unknown1
Valerio SebastianAffiliation unknown1
Waspiah WaspiahAffiliation unknown1
Tegar Islami PutraAffiliation unknown1
Adinda Zeranica Putri FakhisAffiliation unknown1
Muhammad Hilmi Naufal AflahAffiliation unknown1
Anisa TussalehaAffiliation unknown1
Mahima Umaela FirdhausyaAffiliation unknown1
Mohamed Cheick BananeAffiliation unknown1
Ahsanul FahmiAffiliation unknown1
Arlo Benjamin ScottAffiliation unknown1
I Made Wirya DarmaAffiliation unknown1
Tjokorda Mirah Ary MahadnyaniAffiliation unknown1
Nar Yan ThapaAffiliation unknown1
Febriansyah RamadhanAffiliation unknown1

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/ijals/oai, first harvested 5 Nov 2026, last seen 5 Nov 2026.
Original metadata (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en">Geographical Indications and Trademarks Protection: Empowering MSMEs Through Advocacy, Legal Services in Indonesia, Oman, Philippines</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Kurniawan, I Gede Agus</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Gorda, Anak Agung Ayu Ngurah Sri Rahayu</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Ezzerouali, Souad Ahmed</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Tee-anastacio, Princess Alyssa</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Sutrisni, Ketut Elly</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Geographical Indications (GIs)</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Trademarks</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Advocacy</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Legal Services</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">MSMEs Empowerment</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">The protection of geographical indications (GIs) and trademarks represents a crucial instrument within intellectual property law, serving not only as a mechanism of legal protection but also as a means of economic empowerment, particularly for micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs). Nevertheless, the effectiveness of such protection is often constrained by limited access to legal services and advocacy. This study aims to analyze the ideal legal framework for the protection of GIs and trademarks in Indonesia, the Philippines, and Oman, emphasizing the importance of integrating legal services and advocacy to strengthen MSME empowerment. The research employs a normative juridical approach combined with comparative analysis, examining statutory provisions, institutional practices, and the legal cultures of each country. The findings reveal that the Philippines has developed a relatively ideal framework through the active role of the Intellectual Property Office of the Philippines (IPOPHL), which implements the IP Academy, Innovation and Technology Support Offices (ITSO), and the affirmative Juana Make a Mark initiative. By contrast, Indonesia and Oman continue to face challenges, as their regulatory structures remain heavily focused on administrative procedures without explicit provisions on legal advocacy. This study contributes by highlighting the necessity of embedding legal advocacy within substantive regulations and institutionalizing MSME support programs as a state obligation. It concludes that the protection of GIs and trademarks will be more effective if supported by structured and sustainable legal advocacy mechanisms. The key recommendation is for Indonesia and Oman to adopt the Philippines’ best practices, particularly the integration of advocacy and legal services into formal regulations, thereby strengthening MSME empowerment through the protection of geographical indications and trademarks.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Universitas Negeri Semarang</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2025-09-22</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/ijals/article/view/29961</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.15294/ijals.v7i2.29961</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Indonesian Journal of Advocacy and Legal Services; Vol. 7 No. 2 (2025): Contemporary Issues on Advocacy and Legal Services; 507-540</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2686-2611</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2686-2085</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.15294/ijals.v7i2</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/ijals/article/view/29961/6152</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2025 I Gede Agus Kurniawan, Anak Agung Ayu Ngurah Sri Rahayu Gorda , Souad Ahmed  Ezzerouali , Princess Alyssa  Tee-anastacio, Ketut Elly Sutrisni (Author)</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>