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Unleashing Justice’s Future: The Dawn of Neuro-Cognitive Risk Assessments (NCRA) in Transforming Rehabilitation

IJCLS (Indonesian Journal of Criminal Law Studies) · Vol. 9 No. 1 (2024) · pp. 63–88

DOI
10.15294/ijcls.v9i1.36418
ISSN
2548-1576, 2548-1568
Published
2024-05-31
Publisher
Universitas Negeri Semarang
Language
eng
License
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

Abstract

Neuro-Cognitive Risk Assessments (NCRA) represent a groundbreaking innovation in the criminal justice system, concentrating on evaluating cognitive and decision-making factors to assess inmate recidivism risk. Introduced initially in Houston, Texas, in 2017, NCRA have shown substantial efficacy, evidenced by a 2020 study reporting an Area Under the Curve (AUC) value of 0.70, signifying a significant advancement in recidivism prediction. This research employs normative legal methods, utilizing a conceptual, comparative, and forward-looking approach, characterized as descriptive-prescriptive with data analyzed through content analysis. Key advantages of NCRA include their emphasis on cognitive factors and their capability to operate independently via digital platforms, reducing bias and enhancing objectivity. The global adoption of NCRA, including in countries like Canada, the Netherlands, and Australia, underscores its recognition as a promising tool in criminal justice practices. However, ethical considerations and responsible usage are paramount, ensuring the protection of individual rights and involving diverse stakeholders. The integration of NCRA into rehabilitation programs and public policies presents opportunities to enhance efforts against recidivism. By identifying individual needs more accurately and improving predictions of rehabilitation success, NCRA can motivate inmate engagement in rehabilitation initiatives. Moreover, NCRA support the development of effective crime prevention policies, contributing to broader societal well-being. In conclusion, NCRA represent a transformative approach in criminal justice, leveraging cognitive assessments to refine recidivism risk evaluations and enhance rehabilitation outcomes. Ethical deployment and collaborative engagement are critical to maximizing NCRA's potential in promoting justice and reducing reoffending globally.

Keywords

Collaboration network of the authors

40 authors · 81 co-authorship links · 8 across different organisations · showing the 40 most connected

Hover or tap a name to highlight its co-authors. Double-click to open the author's page.

  • Universitas Sumatera Utara
  • University of Indonesia
  • Binus University
  • Hasanuddin University
  • Cenderawasih University
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Different organisations
  • Same organisation
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Thicker line = more joint articles · bigger circle = more articles
Show as table
Co-authorOrganisationJoint articles
Kiki KristantoAffiliation unknown7
Zainal ArifinAffiliation unknown3
Aris HardinantoAffiliation unknown3
Mikhael FekaAffiliation unknown2
Emi Puasa HandayaniAffiliation unknown2
Nahdiya SabrinaAffiliation unknown2
Achmad CholidinAffiliation unknown2
Papontee TeeraphanAffiliation unknown2
Firdaus ArifinAffiliation unknown2
Anis WidyawatiAffiliation unknown2
Hanifah Fitria AzizahUniversitas Sumatera Utara1
Topo SantosoUniversity of Indonesia1
Yunus HuseinUniversity of Indonesia1
Ahmad SofianBinus University1
Joice SorayaAffiliation unknown1
PujiyonoAffiliation unknown1
R.B SulartoAffiliation unknown1
Ana Tasia PaseAffiliation unknown1
Hendri DwiyantoAffiliation unknown1
Agus ManfaluthiAffiliation unknown1
Timotius Febry Cristian Wahyu SutrisnoAffiliation unknown1
Trinas Dewi HariyanaAffiliation unknown1
Ali Huristak Hartawan HasibuanAffiliation unknown1
Mohamad Noor Fajar Al Arif FitrianaAffiliation unknown1
Ahmad FauziAffiliation unknown1
Benny SumardianaAffiliation unknown1
Eka Nugraha PutraAffiliation unknown1
Siswanto SiswantoHasanuddin University1
Iskandar ISKANDARAffiliation unknown1
Lestari SinagaAffiliation unknown1
Nurhayati MardinAffiliation unknown1
Kasmanto RinaldiAffiliation unknown1
Beniharmoni HarefaAffiliation unknown1
Kayus K LewolebaAffiliation unknown1
Akhmad AkhmadCenderawasih University1
Barda Nawawi AriefAffiliation unknown1

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/ijcls/oai, first harvested 5 Nov 2026, last seen 8 Nov 2026.
Original metadata (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en">Unleashing Justice’s Future: The Dawn of Neuro-Cognitive Risk Assessments (NCRA) in Transforming Rehabilitation</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Mulyadi, Mahmud</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Fernando, Zico Junius</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Putra, Panca Sarjana</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Anditya, Ariesta Wibisono</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Neuro-Cognitive Risk Assessments, Center for Science &amp; Law, Assessment, Rehabilitation Programs, Criminal Justice reform, Behavioral Analysis</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">Neuro-Cognitive Risk Assessments (NCRA) represent a groundbreaking innovation in the criminal justice system, concentrating on evaluating cognitive and decision-making factors to assess inmate recidivism risk. Introduced initially in Houston, Texas, in 2017, NCRA have shown substantial efficacy, evidenced by a 2020 study reporting an Area Under the Curve (AUC) value of 0.70, signifying a significant advancement in recidivism prediction. This research employs normative legal methods, utilizing a conceptual, comparative, and forward-looking approach, characterized as descriptive-prescriptive with data analyzed through content analysis. Key advantages of NCRA include their emphasis on cognitive factors and their capability to operate independently via digital platforms, reducing bias and enhancing objectivity. The global adoption of NCRA, including in countries like Canada, the Netherlands, and Australia, underscores its recognition as a promising tool in criminal justice practices. However, ethical considerations and responsible usage are paramount, ensuring the protection of individual rights and involving diverse stakeholders. The integration of NCRA into rehabilitation programs and public policies presents opportunities to enhance efforts against recidivism. By identifying individual needs more accurately and improving predictions of rehabilitation success, NCRA can motivate inmate engagement in rehabilitation initiatives. Moreover, NCRA support the development of effective crime prevention policies, contributing to broader societal well-being. In conclusion, NCRA represent a transformative approach in criminal justice, leveraging cognitive assessments to refine recidivism risk evaluations and enhance rehabilitation outcomes. Ethical deployment and collaborative engagement are critical to maximizing NCRA's potential in promoting justice and reducing reoffending globally.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Universitas Negeri Semarang</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2024-05-31</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
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	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/ijcls/article/view/36418</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.15294/ijcls.v9i1.36418</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">IJCLS (Indonesian Journal of Criminal Law Studies); Vol. 9 No. 1 (2024): Indonesia J. Crim. L. Studies (May, 2024); 63-88</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2548-1576</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2548-1568</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.15294/vdy8qv98</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/ijcls/article/view/36418/6920</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</dc:rights>
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