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Ultrasound Assisted Extraction of Cinnamon Bark Essential Oil with Physicochemical Characterization

Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science · Vol. 15 No. 1 (2026) · pp. 101–114

DOI
10.15294/ijcs.v15i1.48995
ISSN
2502-6844, 2252-6951
Published
2026-05-26
Publisher
Prodi Kimia
Language
eng

Abstract

Indonesia's biodiversity is extremely diverse, one example being its aromatic plants, which make it one of the world's largest producers of essential oils. Cinnamon is one such plant, almost all parts of which can be used, including the bark. Its main components consist of 60-85% cinnamaldehyde and 5-10% eugenol. The Ultrasound Assisted Extraction method is used in this extraction. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of using the UAE extraction method on variations in temperature, time, and the ratio of raw materials to solvents, also to review the mass transfer phenomenon. The extraction process was carried out at 30°C, 40°C, 50°C, and 60°C; 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 minutes; and ratio of 1:6, 1:8, and 1:10. The essential oil several tests, such as yield, refractive index, optical rotation, acid number, antioxidant IC50, SEM, FT-IR, and GC-MS. The results showed that there was an effect of temperature, time, and the ratio of material to solvent used. The use 40°C and 30 minutes produced the highest oil yield of 2.28% and cinnamaldehyde 87.94%.

Keywords

Collaboration network of the authors

36 authors · 135 co-authorship links · 2 across different organisations

Hover or tap a name to highlight its co-authors. Double-click to open the author's page.

  • State University of Semarang
  • Kanazawa University
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Different organisations
  • Same organisation
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Thicker line = more joint articles · bigger circle = more articles
Show as table
Co-authorOrganisationJoint articles
Nuril HudaAffiliation unknown3
Martin SulistyaniAffiliation unknown3
MusakkirAffiliation unknown2
Arnida MustafaAffiliation unknown2
F. ‪Widhi MahatmantiAffiliation unknown2
IntiraAffiliation unknown1
Hardiyanti RahmayanaAffiliation unknown1
Nurul Handayani BasriAffiliation unknown1
Sri SudewiAffiliation unknown1
Kasman JayaAffiliation unknown1
SayaniAffiliation unknown1
Amir IlyasAffiliation unknown1
Ully Tasya SimanungkalitAffiliation unknown1
. HasniarAffiliation unknown1
Irma WahyuningtyasAffiliation unknown1
Abdul Rasyid ZartaAffiliation unknown1
Teguh Rizali ZahroniAffiliation unknown1
Cici AnisaAffiliation unknown1
Muhammad Rafli AkbarAffiliation unknown1
Jane Secilia WidodoAffiliation unknown1
Janice Celsia WidodoAffiliation unknown1
Fatmawati AfandiAffiliation unknown1
Fransisco Carles GelungAffiliation unknown1
Diana KristinAffiliation unknown1
Brayen Daniel RajaluhuAffiliation unknown1
Martinus YanAffiliation unknown1
Edy CahyonoState University of Semarang1
Dyah Rini IndriyantiState University of Semarang1
Samuel Budi Wardhana KusumaKanazawa University1
Saffanah Binti Mohd Ab AzidAffiliation unknown1
Cindy MaharaniAffiliation unknown1
Prayogo Probo AsmoroAffiliation unknown1
Mohammad AlauhdinAffiliation unknown1

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/ijcs/oai, first harvested 5 Nov 2026, last seen 5 Nov 2026.
Original metadata (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en">Ultrasound Assisted Extraction of Cinnamon Bark Essential Oil with Physicochemical Characterization</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Syakilla Adha Nandianta</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Ratnawati</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Prasetyo, Ridho </dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Ultrasound Assisted Extraction</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Essential Oil</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Cinnamomum casia, </dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Physicochemical</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Cinnamaldehyde</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">Indonesia's biodiversity is extremely diverse, one example being its aromatic plants, which make it one of the world's largest producers of essential oils. Cinnamon is one such plant, almost all parts of which can be used, including the bark. Its main components consist of 60-85% cinnamaldehyde and 5-10% eugenol. The Ultrasound Assisted Extraction method is used in this extraction. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of using the UAE extraction method on variations in temperature, time, and the ratio of raw materials to solvents, also to review the mass transfer phenomenon. The extraction process was carried out at 30°C, 40°C, 50°C, and 60°C; 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 minutes; and ratio of 1:6, 1:8, and 1:10. The essential oil several tests, such as yield, refractive index, optical rotation, acid number, antioxidant IC50, SEM, FT-IR, and GC-MS. The results showed that there was an effect of temperature, time, and the ratio of material to solvent used. The use 40°C and 30 minutes produced the highest oil yield of 2.28% and cinnamaldehyde 87.94%.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Prodi Kimia</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2026-05-26</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:type xml:lang="en">Peer-reviewed Article</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/ijcs/article/view/48995</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.15294/ijcs.v15i1.48995</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science; Vol. 15 No. 1 (2026): Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science; 101-114</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2502-6844</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2252-6951</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.15294/ijcs.v15i1</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/ijcs/article/view/48995/9878</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2026 Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>