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Enhancing Elementary School Students’ Cognitive Development through Volleyball Learning Using the Simulation Method on Locomotor, Non-Locomotor, and Manipulative Movements

Indonesian Journal for Physical Education and Sport · Vol. 6 No. 2 (2025) · pp. 347–353

DOI
10.15294/inapes.v6i2.29401
ISSN
2774-4434, 2723-6803
Published
2025-10-31
Publisher
Universitas Negeri Semarang
Language
eng

Abstract

Physical education in elementary schools plays an important role in developing students' cognitive aspects. Volleyball learning with the simulation method is expected to improve students' cognitive abilities through the development of basic movements. This study aims to determine the effect of volleyball learning with the simulation method on improving the cognitive skills of elementary school students in the aspects of locomotor, non-locomotor, and manipulative movements. The research used an experimental method with a pre-test post-test control group design. The subjects of the study were 32 students (14 boys and 18 girls) from grade 5 of SDN 1 Saban, Gubug District. The instrument used was a validated cognitive test of basic movements. The data were analyzed using paired t-test and independent t-test. The results of the study showed a significant improvement in the cognitive abilities of students in the experimental group, with a significance value of 0.000 < 0.05. The highest improvement occurred in the manipulative movement aspect (32.5%), followed by locomotor movement (28.7%), and non-locomotor movement (25.3%). Volleyball learning using the simulation method is effective in improving the cognitive abilities of elementary school students in all aspects of basic movement studied.

Keywords

Collaboration network of the authors

40 authors · 125 co-authorship links · showing the 40 most connected

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Co-authorOrganisationJoint articles
Tri NurharsonoAffiliation unknown4
Nasuka NasukaAffiliation unknown4
Rumini RuminiAffiliation unknown4
Ranu Baskora Aji PutraAffiliation unknown3
Tri RustiadiAffiliation unknown3
Tandiyo RahayuAffiliation unknown3
Setya RahayuAffiliation unknown3
Sri SumartiningsihAffiliation unknown3
Cahyo YuwonoAffiliation unknown2
Adi SAffiliation unknown2
SulaimanAffiliation unknown2
Dwi Tiga PutriAffiliation unknown2
Roas IrsyadaAffiliation unknown2
Ahmad Fahmi HidayatullahAffiliation unknown2
Sugiharto SugihartoAffiliation unknown2
Mugiyo HartonoAffiliation unknown2
Endang Sri HananiAffiliation unknown2
Fajar HawariAffiliation unknown1
Billy CastyanaAffiliation unknown1
Moch Fahmi AbdulazizAffiliation unknown1
Daffa Tryan WidiartoAffiliation unknown1
Imam MahfudzAffiliation unknown1
Ari Mukti PamungkasAffiliation unknown1
Firman EfendiAffiliation unknown1
Nur Rizal AmanullahAffiliation unknown1
Dwi Tiga PutriAffiliation unknown1
Muhammad RifantofanaAffiliation unknown1
Dwi Gansar Santi WijayantiAffiliation unknown1
Refi Mauliana UlyasariAffiliation unknown1
Fery DarmantoAffiliation unknown1
Bayu Aji SantosoAffiliation unknown1
Falih AkmalAffiliation unknown1
Aulia SofinnidaAffiliation unknown1
Nikcyta Kumala PuspaAffiliation unknown1
Damar Adi SusetyoAffiliation unknown1
Ika Latvia Widya PangestikaAffiliation unknown1
Shabrina Aliyah RanzaniAffiliation unknown1
Danti PutriAffiliation unknown1

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/inapes/oai, first harvested 5 Nov 2026, last seen 8 Nov 2026.
Original metadata (oai_dc) 
<oai_dc:dc xmlns="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/  http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
	<dc:title xml:lang="en">Enhancing Elementary School Students’ Cognitive Development through Volleyball Learning Using the Simulation Method on Locomotor, Non-Locomotor, and Manipulative Movements</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Krisna Mukti</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Agung Wahyudi</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">cognitive</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">locomotor movement</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">manipulative movement</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">simulation method</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">volleyball</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">Physical education in elementary schools plays an important role in developing students' cognitive aspects. Volleyball learning with the simulation method is expected to improve students' cognitive abilities through the development of basic movements. This study aims to determine the effect of volleyball learning with the simulation method on improving the cognitive skills of elementary school students in the aspects of locomotor, non-locomotor, and manipulative movements. The research used an experimental method with a pre-test post-test control group design. The subjects of the study were 32 students (14 boys and 18 girls) from grade 5 of SDN 1 Saban, Gubug District. The instrument used was a validated cognitive test of basic movements. The data were analyzed using paired t-test and independent t-test. The results of the study showed a significant improvement in the cognitive abilities of students in the experimental group, with a significance value of 0.000 &amp;lt; 0.05. The highest improvement occurred in the manipulative movement aspect (32.5%), followed by locomotor movement (28.7%), and non-locomotor movement (25.3%). Volleyball learning using the simulation method is effective in improving the cognitive abilities of elementary school students in all aspects of basic movement studied.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Universitas Negeri Semarang</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2025-10-31</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:type xml:lang="en">Peer-reviewed Article</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/inapes/article/view/29401</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.15294/inapes.v6i2.29401</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Indonesian Journal for Physical Education and Sport; Vol. 6 No. 2 (2025): INAPES; 347-353</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2774-4434</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2723-6803</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.15294/inapes.v6i2</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/inapes/article/view/29401/6602</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2025 Indonesian Journal for Physical Education and Sport</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>