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Overlapping Land Ownership Certificates

Indonesian Journal of Agrarian Law · Vol. 4 No. 1 (2026) · pp. 121–154

DOI
10.15294/jal.v4i1.57821
ISSN
3110-6633
Published
2026-07-21
Publisher
Universitas Negeri Semarang
Language
eng
License
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

Abstract

Land registration serves as the primary legal instrument for guaranteeing property rights security in Indonesia, yet the phenomenon of overlapping certificates of ownership (Sertipikat Hak Milik/SHM) continues to undermine the very legal certainty it is meant to provide. This study aims to analyze the legal consequences of overlapping certificates of ownership and to examine dispute resolution mechanisms under the Basic Agrarian Law (UUPA) No. 5 of 1960 and Government Regulation (PP) No. 24 of 1997 on Land Registration. This research employs a normative juridical method with a statutory approach (statute approach) and a conceptual approach (conceptual approach), utilizing primary and secondary legal materials gathered through library research and analyzed using descriptive-analytical techniques. The findings reveal that overlapping certificates generate three principal legal consequences: legal uncertainty over ownership status, potential certificate invalidation, and administrative liability of the National Land Agency. Dispute resolution may be pursued through non-litigation (mediation at the Land Office) or litigation before the General Court or Administrative Court, depending on the substance of the claim. Analysis confirms that the negative-tendency-positive publication system under UUPA operates in synchronization with the stronger evidentiary protection afforded by PP No. 24 of 1997, as the latter was enacted specifically to implement the former; overlapping certificates instead stem primarily from procedural and administrative weaknesses in land registration practice. This study concludes that resolving overlapping certificates requires strengthened procedural implementation, including clarification of the criteria for good faith and actual possession, digitalization of land administration, strengthened verification procedures, and institutional capacity building within BPN.

Keywords

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40 authors · 140 co-authorship links · showing the 40 most connected

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Co-authorOrganisationJoint articles
Ridwan ArifinAffiliation unknown8
Waspiah WaspiahAffiliation unknown8
Anis WidyawatiAffiliation unknown6
Rodiyah RodiyahAffiliation unknown6
Rahmawati Melati SaniAffiliation unknown3
Choirul FuadAffiliation unknown3
Yustina Dhian NovitaAffiliation unknown3
Lyna LatifahAffiliation unknown2
Rohadhatul AisyAffiliation unknown2
Shofriya Qonitatin AbidahAffiliation unknown2
Siti Amatil UlfiyahAffiliation unknown2
Amel Ellsamia IndiyaniAffiliation unknown2
Adilia Putri KusumaAffiliation unknown2
Heru SetyantoAffiliation unknown2
Dede Alvin SetiajiAffiliation unknown2
Ahmad Habib Al FikryAffiliation unknown2
Baidhowi BaidhowiAffiliation unknown2
Ahmad HabiburrahmanAffiliation unknown2
Nur Arif NugrahaAffiliation unknown2
Seni Ira Maya RasidahAffiliation unknown2
Kartika Fajar CahyaniAffiliation unknown1
Adinda Ratna PertiwiAffiliation unknown1
Anita Indah WidiastutiAffiliation unknown1
Adelia Setya AyuAffiliation unknown1
Dyah MayaAffiliation unknown1
Nike Natasya Dewi SumartonoAffiliation unknown1
Sulthan Faiz AkbarAffiliation unknown1
Kareem MubarakAffiliation unknown1
Anisa Endah Dwi SafitriAffiliation unknown1
Helda RahmasariAffiliation unknown1
Ade AdhariAffiliation unknown1
Muhammad Wahyu Saiful HudaAffiliation unknown1
Syahlila Umaya AstrovanapoeAffiliation unknown1
Tia AmaliaAffiliation unknown1
R Benny RiyantoAffiliation unknown1
Nurul FibriantiAffiliation unknown1
Emmanuel LaryeaAffiliation unknown1
Yusriyadi YusriyadiAffiliation unknown1

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/jal/oai, first harvested 6 Nov 2026, last seen 6 Nov 2026.
Original metadata (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en">Overlapping Land Ownership Certificates</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Muhammad Wildan Aulia Fahmi</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Latifiani, Dian</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Overlapping Land Ownership Certificates</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Land Registration</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Dispute Resolution</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">Land registration serves as the primary legal instrument for guaranteeing property rights security in Indonesia, yet the phenomenon of overlapping certificates of ownership (Sertipikat Hak Milik/SHM) continues to undermine the very legal certainty it is meant to provide. This study aims to analyze the legal consequences of overlapping certificates of ownership and to examine dispute resolution mechanisms under the Basic Agrarian Law (UUPA) No. 5 of 1960 and Government Regulation (PP) No. 24 of 1997 on Land Registration. This research employs a normative juridical method with a statutory approach (statute approach) and a conceptual approach (conceptual approach), utilizing primary and secondary legal materials gathered through library research and analyzed using descriptive-analytical techniques. The findings reveal that overlapping certificates generate three principal legal consequences: legal uncertainty over ownership status, potential certificate invalidation, and administrative liability of the National Land Agency. Dispute resolution may be pursued through non-litigation (mediation at the Land Office) or litigation before the General Court or Administrative Court, depending on the substance of the claim. Analysis confirms that the negative-tendency-positive publication system under UUPA operates in synchronization with the stronger evidentiary protection afforded by PP No. 24 of 1997, as the latter was enacted specifically to implement the former; overlapping certificates instead stem primarily from procedural and administrative weaknesses in land registration practice. This study concludes that resolving overlapping certificates requires strengthened procedural implementation, including clarification of the criteria for good faith and actual possession, digitalization of land administration, strengthened verification procedures, and institutional capacity building within BPN.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Universitas Negeri Semarang</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2026-07-21</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/jal/article/view/57821</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.15294/jal.v4i1.57821</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Indonesian Journal of Agrarian Law; Vol. 4 No. 1 (2027): March, 2027; 121-154</dc:source>
	<dc:source>3110-6633</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/jal/article/view/57821/10755</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Wildan Aulia Fahmi, Dian Latifiani (Author)</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>