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Synthesis of Hydroxyapatite from Green Mussel Shells Using Micro-wave Method Through Ultrasonic Mixing Process and Magnetic Stirrer Stirring

Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan · Vol. 14 No. 1 (2025) · pp. 9–14

DOI
10.15294/jbat.v14i1.25497
ISSN
2407-2370, 2303-0623
Published
2025-07-01
Publisher
Universitas Negeri Semarang
Language
eng

Abstract

Hydroxyapatite (HAp) is a biomaterial containing calcium phosphate with the chemical formula which is similar to the structure of human bone, so it is good for the purpose of healing human bones and teeth. HAp synthesis has several methods that can affect the results of HAp synthesis, such as the method of mixing CaO with phosphate, namely mixing with ultrasonic machines and magnetic stirrers. However, the discussion about the difference of HAp results with the mixing method of ultrasonic machine and magnetic stirrer is still rarely done. Therefore, it is important to examine and compare the characteristics of HAp synthesized by ultrasonic and magnetic stirrer mixing. The result of XRD test shows that HA1 has a purity of weight percentage (wt.%) of HAp crystal of 99.8%, while HA2 has a weight percentage (wt.%) of HAp crystal of 97.7%. For the FTIR test results of both specimens detected the presence of phosphate groups, and hydoxide, where both are the basic form of hydroxyapatite. Carbonate groups were also detected in the test, but it cannot be said to be bad because carbonate is a natural substitute for phosphate.

Keywords

Collaboration network of the authors

40 authors · 123 co-authorship links · showing the 40 most connected

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  • Universitas Stikubank
  • State University of Semarang
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Different organisations
  • Same organisation
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Thicker line = more joint articles · bigger circle = more articles
Show as table
Co-authorOrganisationJoint articles
Yeri SutopoAffiliation unknown5
Muhammad KhumaediAffiliation unknown4
WahyudiAffiliation unknown4
SukarniAffiliation unknown4
Sonika MaulanaAffiliation unknown3
Adhi KusumastutiAffiliation unknown3
Al Ichlas ImranAffiliation unknown3
Janviter ManaluAffiliation unknown3
Achmad Erlangga Bintang SamodraAffiliation unknown3
Tezara CionitaAffiliation unknown3
Sri Endah WahyuningsihAffiliation unknown2
Hendrix Noviyanto FirmansyahAffiliation unknown2
Widya AryadiAffiliation unknown2
Karnowo KarnowoAffiliation unknown2
Ulfah Mediaty AriefState University of Semarang2
Eko SupraptonoAffiliation unknown2
Dwi WidjanarkoAffiliation unknown2
Abram Puspa PramuditaAffiliation unknown2
Sonika Maulana HalimAffiliation unknown2
Muhammad Ziddun Ni’amAffiliation unknown2
Bagas Satria Adjie PratamaAffiliation unknown2
Indra Nurul HidayatAffiliation unknown2
Aji SupriyantoUniversitas Stikubank1
Edy WinarnoUniversitas Stikubank1
Amalia ShofiAffiliation unknown1
Agita Ainur RizqiyahAffiliation unknown1
Moh RondhiAffiliation unknown1
Wirawan SumbodoAffiliation unknown1
Rizqi Fitri NaryantoAffiliation unknown1
Kuat NursiamAffiliation unknown1
Sulthan Dzaki AhmadaAffiliation unknown1
Muthaharussayidun MuthaharussayidunAffiliation unknown1
Adolvin Arnol MahadiputraAffiliation unknown1

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/jbat/oai, first harvested 6 Nov 2026, last seen 6 Nov 2026.
Original metadata (oai_dc) 
<oai_dc:dc xmlns="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/  http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
	<dc:title xml:lang="en">Synthesis of Hydroxyapatite from Green Mussel Shells Using Micro-wave Method Through Ultrasonic Mixing Process and Magnetic Stirrer Stirring</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Agus Prasetyo</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Risky Ismail</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">A. P. Bayuseno</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Samsudin Anis</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Deni Fajar Fitriyana</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Muhammad Afrizal</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Januar Parlaungan Siregar</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Biomaterial</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Calcium phosphate</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Hydroxyapatite</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Mixing method</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Synthesis</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">Hydroxyapatite (HAp) is a biomaterial containing calcium phosphate with the chemical formula which is similar to the structure of human bone, so it is good for the purpose of healing human bones and teeth. HAp synthesis has several methods that can affect the results of HAp synthesis, such as the method of mixing CaO with phosphate, namely mixing with ultrasonic machines and magnetic stirrers. However, the discussion about the difference of HAp results with the mixing method of ultrasonic machine and magnetic stirrer is still rarely done. Therefore, it is important to examine and compare the characteristics of HAp synthesized by ultrasonic and magnetic stirrer mixing. The result of XRD test shows that HA1 has a purity of weight percentage (wt.%) of HAp crystal of 99.8%, while HA2 has a weight percentage (wt.%) of HAp crystal of 97.7%. For the FTIR test results of both specimens detected the presence of phosphate groups, and hydoxide, where both are the basic form of hydroxyapatite. Carbonate groups were also detected in the test, but it cannot be said to be bad because carbonate is a natural substitute for phosphate. </dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Universitas Negeri Semarang</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2025-07-01</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:type xml:lang="en">Peer-reviewed Article</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/jbat/article/view/25497</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.15294/jbat.v14i1.25497</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan; Vol. 14 No. 1 (2025): June 2025 [Nationally Accredited Sinta 3] ; 9 - 14</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2407-2370</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2303-0623</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.15294/jbat.v14i1</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/jbat/article/view/25497/4377</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2025 Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>