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The Effect of KNO3 Addition on the Properties of Coconut Shell Charcoal Briquettes

Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan · Vol. 14 No. 1 (2025) · pp. 23–32

DOI
10.15294/jbat.v14i1.26289
ISSN
2407-2370, 2303-0623
Published
2025-07-01
Publisher
Universitas Negeri Semarang
Language
eng

Abstract

This research investigates the effects of incorporating potassium nitrate (KNO₃) into coconut shell charcoal briquettes, emphasizing their physical and chemical characteristics. Briquettes were manufactured utilizing coconut shell charcoal powder, tapioca flour as a binder, and different concentrations of KNO₃ (0% and 10%) as an additive. The aim was to assess the impact of KNO₃ incorporation on the water content, ash content, volatile matter, fixed carbon, calorific value, and density of the briquettes. The findings indicated that incorporating KNO₃ resulted in elevated water and ash content, adversely affecting combustion efficiency. Briquettes with increased water content demonstrated reduced mechanical strength and inferior combustion performance. The addition of KNO₃ led to an increased volatile matter content, facilitating ignition of the briquettes while simultaneously resulting in higher smoke emissions. The addition of KNO₃ resulted in a decrease in fixed carbon content, which subsequently lowered the calorific value of the briquettes. The formulation without KNO₃ produced the densest briquette, suggesting that including KNO₃ reduced the briquette density. The inclusion of KNO₃ enhances ignition characteristics; however, it concurrently diminishes the briquettes' overall quality regarding combustion efficiency and calorific value. The Briquette B_1 exhibited the highest results in this investigation, with water content, ash content, volatile matter, fixed carbon content, calorific value, and density values of 4.97%, 1.87%, 17.25%, 80.88%, 7014 Cal/g, and 0.90 g/cm³, respectively.

Keywords

Collaboration network of the authors

40 authors · 149 co-authorship links · showing the 40 most connected

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  • Universitas Halu Oleo
  • State University of Semarang
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Different organisations
  • Same organisation
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Thicker line = more joint articles · bigger circle = more articles
Show as table
Co-authorOrganisationJoint articles
Jamiluddin JaafarAffiliation unknown11
Rifky IsmailAffiliation unknown10
Rozanna DewiAffiliation unknown8
Mohd Ruzaimi Mat RejabAffiliation unknown8
Agung Efriyo HadiAffiliation unknown8
Agustinus Purna IrawanAffiliation unknown6
Yeri SutopoAffiliation unknown5
Nanang EndriatnoAffiliation unknown5
Kadir KadirUniversitas Halu Oleo4
Salimin SaliminAffiliation unknown4
Muhammad KhumaediAffiliation unknown4
WahyudiAffiliation unknown4
SukarniAffiliation unknown4
Samhuddin SamhuddinAffiliation unknown3
Aminur AminurAffiliation unknown3
Sonika MaulanaAffiliation unknown3
Adhi KusumastutiAffiliation unknown3
Athanasius Priharyoto BayusenoAffiliation unknown3
La HasanuddinAffiliation unknown2
Agustinus LolokAffiliation unknown2
Ridway BalakaAffiliation unknown2
Sudarsono SudarsonoAffiliation unknown2
Budiman SudiaAffiliation unknown2
MujiatiAffiliation unknown2
Sri Endah WahyuningsihAffiliation unknown2
Hendrix Noviyanto FirmansyahAffiliation unknown2
Widya AryadiAffiliation unknown2
Karnowo KarnowoAffiliation unknown2
Ulfah Mediaty AriefState University of Semarang2
Eko SupraptonoAffiliation unknown2
Dwi WidjanarkoAffiliation unknown2
Yusuf SubagyoAffiliation unknown2
Baharudin PriwintokoAffiliation unknown2

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/jbat/oai, first harvested 6 Nov 2026, last seen 8 Nov 2026.
Original metadata (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en">The Effect of KNO3 Addition on the Properties of Coconut Shell Charcoal Briquettes</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Achmad Erlangga Bintang Samodra</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Fitriyana, Deni Fajar</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">samsudin anis</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">janviter manalu</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Al Ichlas Imran</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Januar Parlaungan Siregar</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Tezara Cionita</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">coconut shell charcoal</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">briquettes</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">KNO₃</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">properties</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">calorific value</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">This research investigates the effects of incorporating potassium nitrate (KNO₃) into coconut shell charcoal briquettes, emphasizing their physical and chemical characteristics. Briquettes were manufactured utilizing coconut shell charcoal powder, tapioca flour as a binder, and different concentrations of KNO₃ (0% and 10%) as an additive. The aim was to assess the impact of KNO₃ incorporation on the water content, ash content, volatile matter, fixed carbon, calorific value, and density of the briquettes. The findings indicated that incorporating KNO₃ resulted in elevated water and ash content, adversely affecting combustion efficiency. Briquettes with increased water content demonstrated reduced mechanical strength and inferior combustion performance. The addition of KNO₃ led to an increased volatile matter content, facilitating ignition of the briquettes while simultaneously resulting in higher smoke emissions. The addition of KNO₃ resulted in a decrease in fixed carbon content, which subsequently lowered the calorific value of the briquettes. The formulation without KNO₃ produced the densest briquette, suggesting that including KNO₃ reduced the briquette density. The inclusion of KNO₃ enhances ignition characteristics; however, it concurrently diminishes the briquettes' overall quality regarding combustion efficiency and calorific value. The Briquette B_1 exhibited the highest results in this investigation, with water content, ash content, volatile matter, fixed carbon content, calorific value, and density values of 4.97%, 1.87%, 17.25%, 80.88%, 7014 Cal/g, and 0.90 g/cm³, respectively.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Universitas Negeri Semarang</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2025-07-01</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:type xml:lang="en">Peer-reviewed Article</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/jbat/article/view/26289</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.15294/jbat.v14i1.26289</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan; Vol. 14 No. 1 (2025): June 2025 [Nationally Accredited Sinta 3] ; 23 - 32</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2407-2370</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2303-0623</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.15294/jbat.v14i1</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/jbat/article/view/26289/4374</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2025 Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>