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Group Counseling through Cognitive Behavioral Therapy with Cognitive Restructuring Technique for Self-Esteem Enhancement of Bullying Victims

Indonesian Journal of Guidance and Counseling: Theory and Application · Vol. 14 No. 2 (2025) · pp. 132–140

DOI
10.15294/ijgc.v14i2.47994
ISSN
2597-6133, 2252-6374
Published
2025-12-30
Publisher
Universitas Negeri Semarang
Language
eng

Abstract

Students with high self-esteem possess a positive self-concept and a confidence to navigate psychological and social challenges as part of their developmental process. However, victims of bullying tend to exhibit low self-esteem, characterized by feelings of worthlessness, pervasive self-doubt, and the emergence of maladaptive negative thought patterns. Consequently, this study aimed to enhance the self-esteem of bullying victims through a group counseling intervention utilizing cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) with a focus on cognitive restructuring technique. The research employed a quasi-experimental one-group pre-test-post-test design, involving two phases of measurement (pre and post-test). Six students identified as having low self-esteem were selected as participants. The analysis revealed a notable improvement in self-esteem based on the different test results before and after the intervention. Specifically, the Wilcoxon signed-rank test demonstrated a significant increase from pre-test to post-test scores. Overall, group counseling utilizing cognitive restructuring proved effective in assisting bullying victims to foster more positive self-perceptions that elevate their self-esteem. These findings provide a theoretical and practical basis for school counselors to implement cognitive restructuring as a primary intervention for supporting students who have experienced bullying.

Keywords

Collaboration network of the authors

40 authors · 162 co-authorship links · showing the 40 most connected

Hover or tap a name to highlight its co-authors. Double-click to open the author's page.

  • State University of Semarang
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Different organisations
  • Same organisation
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Thicker line = more joint articles · bigger circle = more articles
Show as table
Co-authorOrganisationJoint articles
Sugiyo SugiyoAffiliation unknown12
Edy PurwantoAffiliation unknown10
Mungin Eddy WibowoAffiliation unknown8
Sunawan SunawanAffiliation unknown8
Mulawarman MulawarmanAffiliation unknown7
Dwi Yuwono Puji SugihartoAffiliation unknown6
Mungin Eddy WibowoAffiliation unknown4
Ujang KhiyarusolehAffiliation unknown3
DYP SugihartoAffiliation unknown3
Suharso SuharsoAffiliation unknown3
Anwar SutoyoAffiliation unknown3
Muhammad JaparAffiliation unknown3
Dwi Yuwono Puji SugihartoAffiliation unknown3
Yudhi Purwa NugrahaAffiliation unknown2
Indah LestariAffiliation unknown2
Boby Ardhian NusantaraAffiliation unknown2
Ujang KhiyarusholehAffiliation unknown2
Nailu RokhmatikaAffiliation unknown2
Imam TadjriAffiliation unknown2
M.Th Sri HartatiAffiliation unknown2
Fikri Arif GumelarAffiliation unknown2
Dyah Rini IndriyantiState University of Semarang1
Firdian Setiya ArinataAffiliation unknown1
Mufidah IstiqomahAffiliation unknown1
Muslikhah MuslikhahAffiliation unknown1
Muhammad Aditya OktavaAffiliation unknown1
Azmia Khafizhotul LabibahAffiliation unknown1
Dian Safitri Indah FajriyaniAffiliation unknown1
Rahmawati PrihastutyState University of Semarang1
Pradipta Christy PratiwiAffiliation unknown1
Rofi WahanisaAffiliation unknown1
Dyah Ayu RahmawatiAffiliation unknown1
Santi RohmawatiAffiliation unknown1
Ahmad Habib Al FikryAffiliation unknown1
Ardia Pramesthi Regita Cahyani FAffiliation unknown1
Qasim Al JazuliAffiliation unknown1
Himdani HimdaniAffiliation unknown1

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/jbk/oai, first harvested 6 Nov 2026, last seen 6 Nov 2026.
Original metadata (oai_dc) 
<oai_dc:dc xmlns="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/  http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
	<dc:title xml:lang="en">Group Counseling through Cognitive Behavioral Therapy with Cognitive Restructuring Technique for Self-Esteem Enhancement of Bullying Victims</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Milawati, Malya</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Awalya, Awalya</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Nuzulia, Siti</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Group Counseling</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Cognitive Behavioral Therapy</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Cognitive Restructuring</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Self Esteem</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Bullying</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">Students with high self-esteem possess a positive self-concept and a confidence to navigate psychological and social challenges as part of their developmental process. However, victims of bullying tend to exhibit low self-esteem, characterized by feelings of worthlessness, pervasive self-doubt, and the emergence of maladaptive negative thought patterns. Consequently, this study aimed to enhance the self-esteem of bullying victims through a group counseling intervention utilizing cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) with a focus on cognitive restructuring technique. The research employed a quasi-experimental one-group pre-test-post-test design, involving two phases of measurement (pre and post-test). Six students identified as having low self-esteem were selected as participants. The analysis revealed a notable improvement in self-esteem based on the different test results before and after the intervention. Specifically, the Wilcoxon signed-rank test demonstrated a significant increase from pre-test to post-test scores. Overall, group counseling utilizing cognitive restructuring proved effective in assisting bullying victims to foster more positive self-perceptions that elevate their self-esteem. These findings provide a theoretical and practical basis for school counselors to implement cognitive restructuring as a primary intervention for supporting students who have experienced bullying.    </dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Universitas Negeri Semarang</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2025-12-30</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:type xml:lang="en">Peer-reviewed Article</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/jbk/article/view/47994</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.15294/ijgc.v14i2.47994</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Indonesian Journal of Guidance and Counseling: Theory and Application; Vol. 14 No. 2 (2025): December 2025; 132-140</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2597-6133</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2252-6374</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.15294/ijgc.v14i2</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/jbk/article/view/47994/9267</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2025 Indonesian Journal of Guidance and Counseling: Theory and Application</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>