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Internalization of Appearance Ideals and Body Appreciation: Association Moderated by BMI and Social Media Use

Indonesian Journal of Guidance and Counseling: Theory and Application · Vol. 15 No. 1 (2026) · pp. 54–66

DOI
10.15294/ijgc.v15i1.62279
ISSN
2597-6133, 2252-6374
Published
2026-06-30
Publisher
Universitas Negeri Semarang
Language
eng

Abstract

Body appreciation is an important aspect of adolescents’ psychological well-being; however, the rise of social media and increasingly stringent standards of ideal appearance have led many adolescents to experience negative effects on their body image. This study aims to analyze BMI and duration of social media use as moderators of the relationship between the internalization of ideal appearance standards and body appreciation. The study employed a quantitative approach with a correlational design involving 166 11th grade female students selected through cluster sampling. Data were collected using the SATAQ-4R, BAS 2, self-reported BMI, and social media usage duration. Analysis was conducted using the Hayes PROCESS Macro Model 2 after verifying the assumptions of normality, linearity, multicollinearity, and heteroscedasticity. The results indicate that the internalization of ideal body image standards is negatively associated with body appreciation (β = -0.238; p < 0.001). BMI was found to moderate this relationship (β = 0.016; p = 0.028), whereas social media use did not show a significant moderating effect (β = -0.006; p = 0.579), although it had a direct effect on body appreciation (β = -0.476; p = 0.028). These findings also indicate that the influence of the internalization of ideal appearance standards on body appreciation is strongest among female students with a low BMI and weakens among those with a high BMI. These findings enrich the empirical evidence regarding factors influencing body appreciation among adolescents and serve as a foundation for the development of guidance and counselling services.

Keywords

Collaboration network of the authors

40 authors · 125 co-authorship links · showing the 40 most connected

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Co-authorOrganisationJoint articles
DYP SugihartoAffiliation unknown10
Edy PurwantoAffiliation unknown7
Mungin Eddy WibowoAffiliation unknown7
Sugiyo SugiyoAffiliation unknown6
Muhammad JaparAffiliation unknown6
Ali MurtadhoAffiliation unknown4
Eko NusantoroAffiliation unknown3
Awalya AwalyaAffiliation unknown3
Dwi Yuwono Puji SugihartoAffiliation unknown3
Dwi Yuwono Puji SugihartoAffiliation unknown3
Sunawan SunawanAffiliation unknown3
Suwarjo -Affiliation unknown2
DaryonoAffiliation unknown2
Mulawarman MulawarmanAffiliation unknown2
Tri SuminarAffiliation unknown1
Hudi HermawanAffiliation unknown1
Ayu Umazaroh KhasanahAffiliation unknown1
Khuliyah KhuliyahAffiliation unknown1
Nurul RizkianaAffiliation unknown1
Septa Nikmatil AliyahAffiliation unknown1
Norma Ni'matul HusnaAffiliation unknown1
Nur 'Aisyatinnaba'Affiliation unknown1
Betania Cahya AmandaAffiliation unknown1
Suharso SuharsoAffiliation unknown1
Kartikaningsih KartikaningsihAffiliation unknown1
Ariska TriastutikAffiliation unknown1
Andrea PrasetyoAffiliation unknown1
Boby Ardhian NusantaraAffiliation unknown1
Vira MulyawatiAffiliation unknown1
Dian Purbo UtomoAffiliation unknown1
Vrimadieska Ayuannisa WaluyanAffiliation unknown1
Muslikah MuslikahAffiliation unknown1
M. Zidni IlmaAffiliation unknown1
Azmia Khafidzotul LabibahAffiliation unknown1
Miftahul FurqanAffiliation unknown1
Miftahul Jannah.BAffiliation unknown1
Intan Hayyinul IlmaAffiliation unknown1

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/jbk/oai, first harvested 6 Nov 2026, last seen 6 Nov 2026.
Original metadata (oai_dc) 
<oai_dc:dc xmlns="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/  http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
	<dc:title xml:lang="en">Internalization of Appearance Ideals and Body Appreciation: Association Moderated by BMI and Social Media Use</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Badiah, Lailatul</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Mahfud, Ashari </dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Sutoyo, Anwar</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Body Appreciation</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Internalization of Appearance Ideals</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Body Mass Index</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Social Media Use</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Adolescents</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">Body appreciation is an important aspect of adolescents’ psychological well-being; however, the rise of social media and increasingly stringent standards of ideal appearance have led many adolescents to experience negative effects on their body image. This study aims to analyze BMI and duration of social media use as moderators of the relationship between the internalization of ideal appearance standards and body appreciation. The study employed a quantitative approach with a correlational design involving 166 11th grade female students selected through cluster sampling. Data were collected using the SATAQ-4R, BAS 2, self-reported BMI, and social media usage duration. Analysis was conducted using the Hayes PROCESS Macro Model 2 after verifying the assumptions of normality, linearity, multicollinearity, and heteroscedasticity. The results indicate that the internalization of ideal body image standards is negatively associated with body appreciation (β = -0.238; p &amp;lt; 0.001). BMI was found to moderate this relationship (β = 0.016; p = 0.028), whereas social media use did not show a significant moderating effect (β = -0.006; p = 0.579), although it had a direct effect on body appreciation (β = -0.476; p = 0.028). These findings also indicate that the influence of the internalization of ideal appearance standards on body appreciation is strongest among female students with a low BMI and weakens among those with a high BMI. These findings enrich the empirical evidence regarding factors influencing body appreciation among adolescents and serve as a foundation for the development of guidance and counselling services.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Universitas Negeri Semarang</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2026-06-30</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:type xml:lang="en">Peer-reviewed Article</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/jbk/article/view/62279</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.15294/ijgc.v15i1.62279</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Indonesian Journal of Guidance and Counseling: Theory and Application; Vol. 15 No. 1 (2026): June 2026; 54-66</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2597-6133</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2252-6374</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.15294/ijgc.v15i1</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/jbk/article/view/62279/11181</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2026 Indonesian Journal of Guidance and Counseling: Theory and Application</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>