Melola Discovery

← Melola Discovery

Journal

Lifestyle Factors are Related to Hypertension in Indonesia: K-Means Clustering And Correlational Study

Journal of Creativity Student · Vol. 8 No. 1 (2025) · pp. 108–114

DOI
10.15294/jcs.v8i1.25450
ISSN
2502-1958, 2962-603X
Published
2025-07-28
Publisher
Universitas Negeri Semarang
Language
eng

Abstract

Background: Hypertension is a major health problem in Indonesia with complex risk factors, including lifestyle. This study aims to analyze the relationship between consumption of salty foods, instant noodles, sweet drinks, and smoking with the prevalence of hypertension at the provincial level. Methods: This cross-sectional study used data from 38 provinces in Indonesia in 2023. Normality tests were carried out followed by Spearman correlation analysis to measure the relationship between variables. Results: Consumption of salty foods showed a strong positive correlation with hypertension (p<0.001), while instant noodles had a moderate negative correlation that was not significant (p=0.052). No significant relationship was found between hypertension and consumption of soft drinks (p=0.210), energy drinks (p=0.280), or smoking (p=0.540). Conclusion: Excessive salt intake is a dominant risk factor for hypertension in Indonesia, which requires policy intervention, and the insignificance of other lifestyle factors requires further research with a longitudinal approach and multivariate analysis.

Keywords

Collaboration network of the authors

40 authors · 68 co-authorship links · showing the 40 most connected

Hover or tap a name to highlight its co-authors. Double-click to open the author's page.

  • State University of Semarang
  • Diponegoro University
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Different organisations
  • Same organisation
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Thicker line = more joint articles · bigger circle = more articles
Show as table
Co-authorOrganisationJoint articles
Oktia Woro Kasmini HandayaniAffiliation unknown5
Nur SiyamAffiliation unknown3
Evi WidowatiAffiliation unknown3
Intan ZainafreeAffiliation unknown3
Yuni WijayantiAffiliation unknown2
Lukman FauziAffiliation unknown2
Bertakalswa HermawatiAffiliation unknown2
Wandah WibawantoAffiliation unknown2
Margareta RahayuningsihAffiliation unknown2
Russiska RussiskaAffiliation unknown2
Ari YuniastutiState University of Semarang2
Mahalul AzamAffiliation unknown2
Oktaviani CahyaningsihAffiliation unknown2
Imam SubhiAffiliation unknown2
Janu PurwonoAffiliation unknown1
Selvia Mayka SyahputriAffiliation unknown1
Karima Jafina Azka AnjaliAffiliation unknown1
Agus RiyantoDiponegoro University1
Devita Uzlah SibaraniAffiliation unknown1
Ika UtamiAffiliation unknown1
Tri Septa AnggrainiAffiliation unknown1
Arum SiwiendrayantiState University of Semarang1
Siti Ainun NadhirohAffiliation unknown1
Igadhini VitriyanaAffiliation unknown1
Eka Radiyani OktaviaAffiliation unknown1
Fatehah Rahma AgustinAffiliation unknown1
Nandito Mapian MagaiAffiliation unknown1
Sigit Ambar WidyawatiAffiliation unknown1
Ni'mal MunaAffiliation unknown1
Komala Dewi SetiowatiAffiliation unknown1
Mirnawati MirnawatiAffiliation unknown1
Nurfitriani NurfitrianiAffiliation unknown1
Febriana Maya ZulfiariniAffiliation unknown1
Merlinda Permata SariAffiliation unknown1
Tika MaelaniAffiliation unknown1
Audiva Cahya AsriAffiliation unknown1
Melly OctaviyaniAffiliation unknown1

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/jcs/oai, first harvested 6 Nov 2026, last seen 6 Nov 2026.
Original metadata (oai_dc) 
<oai_dc:dc xmlns="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/  http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
	<dc:title xml:lang="en">Lifestyle Factors are Related to Hypertension in Indonesia: K-Means Clustering And Correlational Study</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Syahroni, Arfan</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Cahyati, Widya Hary </dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Budiono, Irwan </dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">correlational study, factors, hypertension, lifestyle</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">Background: Hypertension is a major health problem in Indonesia with complex risk factors, including lifestyle. This study aims to analyze the relationship between consumption of salty foods, instant noodles, sweet drinks, and smoking with the prevalence of hypertension at the provincial level. Methods: This cross-sectional study used data from 38 provinces in Indonesia in 2023. Normality tests were carried out followed by Spearman correlation analysis to measure the relationship between variables. Results: Consumption of salty foods showed a strong positive correlation with hypertension (p&amp;lt;0.001), while instant noodles had a moderate negative correlation that was not significant (p=0.052). No significant relationship was found between hypertension and consumption of soft drinks (p=0.210), energy drinks (p=0.280), or smoking (p=0.540). Conclusion: Excessive salt intake is a dominant risk factor for hypertension in Indonesia, which requires policy intervention, and the insignificance of other lifestyle factors requires further research with a longitudinal approach and multivariate analysis.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Universitas Negeri Semarang</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2025-07-28</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/jcs/article/view/25450</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.15294/jcs.v8i1.25450</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Journal of Creativity Student; Vol. 8 No. 1 (2025); 108-114</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2502-1958</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2962-603X</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.15294/jcs.v8i1</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/jcs/article/view/25450/5272</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Creativity Student</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>