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Analysis of Carbon Footprint and Water Footprint in Laundry MSMEs Business Using Life Cycle Assessment

Journal of Environmental and Science Education · Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026) · pp. 63–72

DOI
10.15294/jese.v5i1.24807
ISSN
2775-2518, 2797-0175
Published
2026-10-20
Publisher
Universitas Negeri Semarang
Language
eng

Abstract

Laundry MSMEs are resource-intensive, consuming significant electricity and water while discharging wastewater with high concentrations of detergent residues. Accordingly, assessing their environmental impacts is essential to support sustainable practices in the laundry sector. This study aims to quantify the carbon footprint and water footprint of a laundry MSME, identify the hotspot, and propose mitigation strategies. A gate-to-gate Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) was conducted using SimaPro software. Impact assessment applied IPCC 2021 GWP100 for carbon footprint and AWARE methodology for water footprint. The result shows that laundering 1 ton of clothes generates 5,072 kg CO₂-eq and 687 m³ of water use. The washing process is identified as the main hotspot, contributing 3,470 kg CO₂-eq (68% of total emissions) and 654 m³ (95% of total water use). These findings highlight the need for targeted interventions at the washing stage to reduce environmental impacts and enhance resource efficiency in the laundry sector.

Keywords

Collaboration network of the authors

40 authors · 176 co-authorship links · 23 across different organisations · showing the 40 most connected

Hover or tap a name to highlight its co-authors. Double-click to open the author's page.

  • State University of Semarang
  • University of Brawijaya
  • Diponegoro University
  • University of Szeged
  • Omdurman Islamic University
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Different organisations
  • Same organisation
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Thicker line = more joint articles · bigger circle = more articles
Show as table
Co-authorOrganisationJoint articles
Trida Ridho FarizState University of Semarang9
Amnan HarisAffiliation unknown5
Cintiya Egi PurwadiAffiliation unknown4
Dwi RahmawatiAffiliation unknown3
Mahendra GunawanAffiliation unknown3
Dhiyanita ShabrinaAffiliation unknown3
Lenny Helmalia MustikawatiAffiliation unknown3
Andin IrsadiState University of Semarang2
Habil SultanAffiliation unknown2
Rifa’ AtunnisaState University of Semarang2
Andin Vita AmaliaAffiliation unknown2
Andhina Putri HeriyantiDiponegoro University2
Rizal Setya PerdanaUniversity of Brawijaya1
Aryo PinanditoUniversity of Brawijaya1
Multohadi HamzaturrazakUniversity of Brawijaya1
Murbangun NuswowatiState University of Semarang1
Sergi Fernandez AlejandroAffiliation unknown1
Partaya PartayaAffiliation unknown1
Arif WidiyatmokoState University of Semarang1
Novi Ratna DewiState University of Semarang1
Prasetyo ListiajiUniversity of Szeged1
Wiyanto WiyantoState University of Semarang1
Fidia FibrianaState University of Semarang1
Dewi MustikaningtyasAffiliation unknown1
Maulana Malik WicaksonoAffiliation unknown1
Amar Sharaf Eldin KhairOmdurman Islamic University1
Nana Kariada Tri MartutiState University of Semarang1
Wahid Akhsin Budi Nur SidiqState University of Semarang1
Nur Kusuma DewiAffiliation unknown1
Dhita Pracisca MutiatariAffiliation unknown1
Dadang SomantriAffiliation unknown1
Agnes Dewi Wuri ErshantiAffiliation unknown1
Muhamad Roihan AkmalAffiliation unknown1
Maqfiroh Intan Nurul AiniAffiliation unknown1
Alfia RahmalidyaAffiliation unknown1

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/jese/oai, first harvested 6 Nov 2026, last seen 6 Nov 2026.
Original metadata (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en">Analysis of Carbon Footprint and Water Footprint in Laundry MSMEs Business Using Life Cycle Assessment</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Kholil, Putri Alifa</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Jabbar, Abdul</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Lantip, Dhia Sasmita</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Darpawanto, Nana Jedy</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Aribowo, Litasari Aldila</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">LCA</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Impact Assessment</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Carbon Footprint</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Water Footprint</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Laundry</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">Laundry MSMEs are resource-intensive, consuming significant electricity and water while discharging wastewater with high concentrations of detergent residues. Accordingly, assessing their environmental impacts is essential to support sustainable practices in the laundry sector. This study aims to quantify the carbon footprint and water footprint of a laundry MSME, identify the hotspot, and propose mitigation strategies. A gate-to-gate Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) was conducted using SimaPro software. Impact assessment applied IPCC 2021 GWP100 for carbon footprint and AWARE methodology for water footprint. The result shows that laundering 1 ton of clothes generates 5,072 kg CO₂-eq and 687 m³ of water use. The washing process is identified as the main hotspot, contributing 3,470 kg CO₂-eq (68% of total emissions) and 654 m³ (95% of total water use). These findings highlight the need for targeted interventions at the washing stage to reduce environmental impacts and enhance resource efficiency in the laundry sector.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Universitas Negeri Semarang</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2026-10-20</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:type xml:lang="en">Peer-reviewed Article</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/jese/article/view/24807</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.15294/jese.v5i1.24807</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Journal of Environmental and Science Education; Vol. 5 No. 1 (2025): Journal of Environmental and Science Education: April 2025; 63-72</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2775-2518</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2797-0175</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.15294/jese.v5i1</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/jese/article/view/24807/4157</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Environmental and Science Education</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>