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Establishing Indonesia’s Personal Data Protection Agency: Comparative Administration Sanctions Enforcement from Ireland, Australia, and Singapore

Journal of Indonesian Legal Studies · Vol. 10 No. 1 (2025) · pp. 431–482

DOI
10.15294/jils.v10i1.13755
ISSN
2548-1592, 2548-1584
Published
2025-08-30
Publisher
Universitas Negeri Semarang
Language
eng
License
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

Abstract

In the digital era, technological advancements have enabled governments and corporations to streamline services and expand market reach, often leading to the collection and transfer of personal data without the knowledge of data subjects. This poses significant risks to constitutional rights. Indonesia’s Law Number 27 of 2022 concerning Personal Data Protection (PDP Law) aims to address these risks, yet frequent data breaches indicate ineffective enforcement of administrative sanctions due to the absence of an independent authority. This study analyzes the urgency of establishing a Personal Data Protection Agency in Indonesia, evaluates current sanctions under the PDP Law, and compares the enforcement mechanisms of data protection agencies in Ireland, Australia, and Singapore. Using a normative legal approach with qualitative methods, the research finds that these countries’ independent agencies effectively enforce data protection laws and administrative sanctions. The study reveals significant enforcement shortcomings in Indonesia, underscoring the need for a dedicated authority to prevent violations and protect personal data rights. By adopting best practices from Ireland, Australia, and Singapore, Indonesia can enhance its data protection framework. Immediate action by the President to establish this authority through a Presidential Regulation is crucial for safeguarding personal data in the digital age.

Keywords

Collaboration network of the authors

40 authors · 135 co-authorship links · showing the 40 most connected

Hover or tap a name to highlight its co-authors. Double-click to open the author's page.

  • State University of Semarang
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Different organisations
  • Same organisation
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Thicker line = more joint articles · bigger circle = more articles
Show as table
Co-authorOrganisationJoint articles
Ali MasyharAffiliation unknown6
Wildan Azkal FikriAffiliation unknown6
Dede IndraswaraAffiliation unknown4
Ridwan ArifinAffiliation unknown4
Irma CahyaningtyasAffiliation unknown4
Anis WidyawatiAffiliation unknown3
Ratih DamayantiAffiliation unknown3
Nadhira Madania DimartiAffiliation unknown2
Rasdi RasdiAffiliation unknown2
Adrian HadiputraAffiliation unknown2
Ikram AmrullahAffiliation unknown2
Hibatullah MaajidAffiliation unknown2
Rodiyah RodiyahAffiliation unknown2
Putri Balqis Nuril HakimAffiliation unknown2
Ahmad Gelora MahardikaAffiliation unknown2
PujiyonoAffiliation unknown2
Diandra Preludio RamadaAffiliation unknown2
Mulyo WidodoAffiliation unknown2
‪Eram Tunggul Pawenang‬State University of Semarang1
Muhammad AzamAffiliation unknown1
Yustina Dhian NovitaAffiliation unknown1
Muhamad Helmi Md SaidAffiliation unknown1
Sonny Saptoajie WicaksonoAffiliation unknown1
Indung WijayantoState University of Semarang1
Angga AnggaAffiliation unknown1
Calvin CameronAffiliation unknown1
Cahya WulandariState University of Semarang1
Aisyah Nur RafidahAffiliation unknown1
Kukuh Satria WiratamaAffiliation unknown1
Shofriya Qanitatin AbidahAffiliation unknown1
Quinny Azalia PutriAffiliation unknown1
Heri PurwantoAffiliation unknown1
Didik PurnomoAffiliation unknown1
Bhanu Prakash NunnaAffiliation unknown1
Bagus Hendradi KusumaAffiliation unknown1
Indah Sri UtariAffiliation unknown1
Benny SumardianaAffiliation unknown1

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/jils/oai, first harvested 6 Nov 2026, last seen 6 Nov 2026.
Original metadata (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en">Establishing Indonesia’s Personal Data Protection Agency: Comparative Administration Sanctions Enforcement from Ireland, Australia, and Singapore</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">'Aisy, Firsta Rahadatul</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Maskur, Muhammad Azil</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Amiruddin, A.M Adzkiya'</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Personal Data Protection</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Administrative Sanctions</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Data Breach</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Law Enforcement</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Personal Data Protection Agency</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">In the digital era, technological advancements have enabled governments and corporations to streamline services and expand market reach, often leading to the collection and transfer of personal data without the knowledge of data subjects. This poses significant risks to constitutional rights. Indonesia’s Law Number 27 of 2022 concerning Personal Data Protection (PDP Law) aims to address these risks, yet frequent data breaches indicate ineffective enforcement of administrative sanctions due to the absence of an independent authority. This study analyzes the urgency of establishing a Personal Data Protection Agency in Indonesia, evaluates current sanctions under the PDP Law, and compares the enforcement mechanisms of data protection agencies in Ireland, Australia, and Singapore. Using a normative legal approach with qualitative methods, the research finds that these countries’ independent agencies effectively enforce data protection laws and administrative sanctions. The study reveals significant enforcement shortcomings in Indonesia, underscoring the need for a dedicated authority to prevent violations and protect personal data rights. By adopting best practices from Ireland, Australia, and Singapore, Indonesia can enhance its data protection framework. Immediate action by the President to establish this authority through a Presidential Regulation is crucial for safeguarding personal data in the digital age.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Universitas Negeri Semarang</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2025-08-30</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/jils/article/view/13755</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.15294/jils.v10i1.13755</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Journal of Indonesian Legal Studies; Vol. 10 No. 1 (2025): Legal Transformation and Policy Challenges in Indonesia: Navigating Technology, Democracy, and Social Change; 431-482</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2548-1592</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2548-1584</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.15294/jils.v10i1</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/jils/article/view/13755/6222</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2025 Firsta Rahadatul 'Aisy, Muhammad Azil Maskur, A.M Adzkiya' Amiruddin (Author)</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>