Melola Discovery

← Melola Discovery

Open access Journal

Is Indonesia Ready? A Legal and Policy Interrogation of Outcome-Based Academic Services for Accelerated Students with Disabilities

Journal of Indonesian Legal Studies · Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026) · pp. 397–436

DOI
10.15294/jils.v11i1.48626
ISSN
2548-1592, 2548-1584
Published
2026-08-30
Publisher
Universitas Negeri Semarang
Language
eng
License
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

Abstract

This study critically examines Indonesia’s readiness to implement outcome-based education (OBE) in academic services for accelerated students with disabilities, situating the analysis within national legal frameworks and the global commitment to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG 4 on inclusive and equitable quality education. Indonesia has formally recognized the right to inclusive education through key legal instruments, including Law No. 8 of 2016 on Persons with Disabilities and Law No. 12 of 2012 on Higher Education, which mandate accessibility and non-discrimination in educational provision. However, a persistent gap remains between these normative commitments and their practical implementation in higher education institutions. Employing a normative juridical method combined with conceptual and policy analysis, this research evaluates the extent to which existing regulations support the operationalization of OBE in inclusive academic services. The findings reveal that although Indonesian legal frameworks provide a general mandate for disability inclusion, they lack specific and enforceable standards for integrating OBE principles—such as measurable learning outcomes, adaptive assessment systems, and institutional accountability mechanisms—particularly within acceleration programs. This regulatory ambiguity contributes to fragmented implementation and limits the achievement of equitable educational outcomes, thereby constraining Indonesia’s progress toward SDG 4 targets. This article argues that Indonesia is not yet fully prepared to align its higher education system with both OBE principles and SDG commitments without substantial legal and policy reform. Strengthening regulatory coherence, embedding disability-sensitive outcome indicators, and enhancing institutional compliance mechanisms are essential to bridging the gap between rights and results. This study contributes to legal scholarship by linking national regulatory frameworks with global development agendas, offering pathways toward a more inclusive and globally competitive higher education system.

Keywords

Collaboration network of the authors

40 authors · 155 co-authorship links · showing the 40 most connected

Hover or tap a name to highlight its co-authors. Double-click to open the author's page.

  • State University of Semarang
  • Hasanuddin University
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Different organisations
  • Same organisation
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Thicker line = more joint articles · bigger circle = more articles
Show as table
Co-authorOrganisationJoint articles
Ridwan ArifinAffiliation unknown30
Dian LatifianiAffiliation unknown16
Muhammad Iqbal BaiquniAffiliation unknown9
Nadiyah Meyliana PutriAffiliation unknown9
Riska AlkadriAffiliation unknown8
Aprila NiravitaAffiliation unknown6
Suhadi SuhadiAffiliation unknown6
Kartika Fajar CahyaniAffiliation unknown6
Adinda Ratna PertiwiAffiliation unknown6
Asmarani RamliAffiliation unknown6
Asyaffa Ridzqi AmandhaAffiliation unknown5
Umi AfiatunAffiliation unknown5
Ratih DamayantiState University of Semarang5
Batari LaskarwatiAffiliation unknown5
Fitria DamayantiAffiliation unknown5
Indah Sri UtariAffiliation unknown4
Ali MasyharAffiliation unknown4
Andry SetiawanAffiliation unknown4
Bayu BimantaraAffiliation unknown4
Bintang Rafli AnantaAffiliation unknown3
Sri RahayuHasanuddin University3
Benny SumardianaAffiliation unknown3
Dewi SulistianingsihState University of Semarang2
Mohammad Reza FachruddinAffiliation unknown2
Purniawati PurniawatiAffiliation unknown2
Nikmatul KasanaAffiliation unknown2
Radini SintaAffiliation unknown2
Sri Redjeki PrasetyowatiAffiliation unknown2
Zainurohmah ZainurohmahAffiliation unknown2
Muhammad Wahyu Saiful HudaAffiliation unknown2
Sukma Jati HusodoAffiliation unknown2
Sinta SwastiAffiliation unknown2
Ridoan KarimAffiliation unknown2
Fraz Ashraf KhanAffiliation unknown2
Bagus Edi PrayogoAffiliation unknown2
Amanah AmanahAffiliation unknown2

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/jils/oai, first harvested 6 Nov 2026, last seen 8 Nov 2026.
Original metadata (oai_dc) 
<oai_dc:dc xmlns="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/  http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
	<dc:title xml:lang="en">Is Indonesia Ready? A Legal and Policy Interrogation of Outcome-Based Academic Services for Accelerated Students with Disabilities</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Rodiyah, Rodiyah</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Waspiah, Waspiah</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Wedhatami, Bayangsari</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Runjati, Runjati</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Outcome-Based Education (OBE)</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Disability Rights Law</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Sustainable Development Goals (SDG 4)</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Inclusive Higher Education</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Indonesia Legal Framework</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">This study critically examines Indonesia’s readiness to implement outcome-based education (OBE) in academic services for accelerated students with disabilities, situating the analysis within national legal frameworks and the global commitment to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG 4 on inclusive and equitable quality education. Indonesia has formally recognized the right to inclusive education through key legal instruments, including Law No. 8 of 2016 on Persons with Disabilities and Law No. 12 of 2012 on Higher Education, which mandate accessibility and non-discrimination in educational provision. However, a persistent gap remains between these normative commitments and their practical implementation in higher education institutions. Employing a normative juridical method combined with conceptual and policy analysis, this research evaluates the extent to which existing regulations support the operationalization of OBE in inclusive academic services. The findings reveal that although Indonesian legal frameworks provide a general mandate for disability inclusion, they lack specific and enforceable standards for integrating OBE principles—such as measurable learning outcomes, adaptive assessment systems, and institutional accountability mechanisms—particularly within acceleration programs. This regulatory ambiguity contributes to fragmented implementation and limits the achievement of equitable educational outcomes, thereby constraining Indonesia’s progress toward SDG 4 targets. This article argues that Indonesia is not yet fully prepared to align its higher education system with both OBE principles and SDG commitments without substantial legal and policy reform. Strengthening regulatory coherence, embedding disability-sensitive outcome indicators, and enhancing institutional compliance mechanisms are essential to bridging the gap between rights and results. This study contributes to legal scholarship by linking national regulatory frameworks with global development agendas, offering pathways toward a more inclusive and globally competitive higher education system.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Universitas Negeri Semarang</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2026-08-30</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/jils/article/view/48626</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.15294/jils.v11i1.48626</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Journal of Indonesian Legal Studies; Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): Contemporary Legal Responses to Technological, Economic, and Social Change; 397-436</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2548-1592</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2548-1584</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.15294/jils.v11i1</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/jils/article/view/48626/11327</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2026 Rodiyah Rodiyah, Waspiah Waspiah, Bayangsari Wedhatami, Runjati Runjati (Author)</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>