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Optimization and Comparison of Linear and Curved Cone Contraction Designs Using the CFD Method for the Development of a Two-Dimensional Low-Subsonic Wind Tunnel

Jurnal Inovasi Mesin · Vol. 8 No. 1 (2026) · pp. 28–40

DOI
10.15294/jim.v8i1.32000
ISSN
2746-7694
Published
2026-04-30
Publisher
Universitas Negeri Semarang
Language
eng

Abstract

The geometry design of the contraction cone plays an important role in determining the flow performance in a subsonic wind tunnel. This study aims to examine and compare two forms of contraction cone design, namely the linear model and the polynomial curve, in the development of a two-dimensional Low Subsonic Wind tunnel using the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) numerical simulation method. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of geometric shapes on velocity distribution, flow uniformity, and aerodynamic performance in the test chamber. Simulations were carried out using ANSYS Fluent software with the k-ω SST turbulence model, and the NACA 4412 airfoil was used as a test object to observe the aerodynamic forces. The simulation results show that the contraction cone with the polynomial curve design produces a more uniform flow, higher speed, and a better lift coefficient (Cl) than the linear design. In addition, the curve design is also able to suppress flow disturbances such as flow separation and boundary layer effects. Based on these findings, the contraction cone with a polynomial curve profile is more recommended for application in a two-dimensional subsonic wind tunnel to improve the efficiency and accuracy of aerodynamic testing.

Keywords

Collaboration network of the authors

40 authors · 123 co-authorship links · showing the 40 most connected

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  • State University of Semarang
  • Universitas Stikubank
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Different organisations
  • Same organisation
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Thicker line = more joint articles · bigger circle = more articles
Show as table
Co-authorOrganisationJoint articles
Deni Fajar FitriyanaAffiliation unknown5
Yeri SutopoAffiliation unknown5
Muhammad KhumaediAffiliation unknown4
Sri Endah WahyuningsihAffiliation unknown2
Januar Parlaungan SiregarAffiliation unknown2
WahyudiAffiliation unknown2
SukarniAffiliation unknown2
Adhi KusumastutiAffiliation unknown2
Widya AryadiAffiliation unknown2
Karnowo KarnowoAffiliation unknown2
Kriswanto KriswantoAffiliation unknown2
Rusiyanto RusiyantoAffiliation unknown2
Ulfah Mediaty AriefState University of Semarang2
Eko SupraptonoAffiliation unknown2
Dwi WidjanarkoAffiliation unknown2
Amalia ShofiAffiliation unknown1
Agita Ainur RizqiyahAffiliation unknown1
Haryadi HaryadiAffiliation unknown1
Dony Hidayat Al-JananAffiliation unknown1
Febrian Arif BudimanAffiliation unknown1
Agus PrasetyoUniversitas Stikubank1
Risky IsmailAffiliation unknown1
A. P. BayusenoAffiliation unknown1
Muhammad AfrizalAffiliation unknown1
Al Ichlas ImranAffiliation unknown1
Janviter ManaluAffiliation unknown1
Achmad Erlangga Bintang SamodraAffiliation unknown1
Tezara CionitaAffiliation unknown1
Abram Puspa PramuditaAffiliation unknown1
Sonika Maulana HalimAffiliation unknown1
Sonika MaulanaAffiliation unknown1
Muhammad Ziddun Ni’amAffiliation unknown1
Bagas Satria Adjie PratamaAffiliation unknown1
Indra Nurul HidayatAffiliation unknown1
Muthaharussayidun MuthaharussayidunAffiliation unknown1
Adolvin Arnol MahadiputraAffiliation unknown1
Gilang Ranu WijayaAffiliation unknown1

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/jim/oai, first harvested 6 Nov 2026, last seen 6 Nov 2026.
Original metadata (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en">Optimization and Comparison of Linear and Curved Cone Contraction Designs Using the CFD Method for the Development of a Two-Dimensional Low-Subsonic Wind Tunnel</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Ahmada, Sulthan Dzaki</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Firmansyah, Hendrix Noviyanto</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Anis, Samsudin</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Wind tunnel</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">CFD </dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Contraction cone</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Flow</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Aerodynamics</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">The geometry design of the contraction cone plays an important role in determining the flow performance in a subsonic wind tunnel. This study aims to examine and compare two forms of contraction cone design, namely the linear model and the polynomial curve, in the development of a two-dimensional Low Subsonic Wind tunnel using the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) numerical simulation method. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of geometric shapes on velocity distribution, flow uniformity, and aerodynamic performance in the test chamber. Simulations were carried out using ANSYS Fluent software with the k-ω SST turbulence model, and the NACA 4412 airfoil was used as a test object to observe the aerodynamic forces. The simulation results show that the contraction cone with the polynomial curve design produces a more uniform flow, higher speed, and a better lift coefficient (Cl) than the linear design. In addition, the curve design is also able to suppress flow disturbances such as flow separation and boundary layer effects. Based on these findings, the contraction cone with a polynomial curve profile is more recommended for application in a two-dimensional subsonic wind tunnel to improve the efficiency and accuracy of aerodynamic testing.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Universitas Negeri Semarang</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2026-04-30</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:type xml:lang="en">Peer-reviewed Article</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/jim/article/view/32000</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.15294/jim.v8i1.32000</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Jurnal Inovasi Mesin; Vol. 8 No. 1 (2026): APRIL 2026; 28-40</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2746-7694</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.15294/jim.v8i1</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/jim/article/view/32000/9460</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2026 Jurnal Inovasi Mesin</dc:rights>
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